Maya Angelous Still I Rise - 904 Words

This seminar paper will look at a poem written by Maya Angelou, Still I rise, 1978. An analysis of this poem will be provided, exploring the meaning of the poem and the language used to present a certain image to the audience. â€Å"Dr. Angelou experienced the brutality of racial discrimination, but she also absorbed the unshakable faith and values of traditional African-American family, community, and culture†(www.mayaangelou.com, 2014). This poem is Maya Angelou speaking to the audience as she explains the problems she has overcome such as; racism, sexism, bullying and other problems in her life that she has managed to move on from.This poem is set in a first person narrative, Angelou explains to the audience about the good and bad times†¦show more content†¦Whereas, â€Å"you,† is related to the white population, this shows the division of both races. This is a setting of one of Angelou’s problems, overcoming racism, and still rising. â€Å"Bringing the gifts my ancestors gave, I am the dream and the hope of the slave,† (stanza 8) this line relates to slavery, the pain she and her family went through during these times of cruelty. This also allows us to picture the author, Angelou, as a strong African woman, who has overcome many obstacles in her life. â€Å"Still I rise,† the name of the poem is repeated throughout the poem to intensify her strength and pride of overcoming her past experiences, and also that she continues to overcome other situations. This allows the poem to be viewed in a positive way by the audience as Angelou overcomes these situations and being able to connect with the reader as she portrays that to them. In this poem, every other line rhymes, â€Å"Out of the huts of history’s shame, I rise, up from a past that’s rooted in pain, I rise, I’m a black ocean leaping and wide, welling and swelling I bear in the tide,†(stanza 8) this allows the poet to guide the reader throughout the poem and keep them involved. â€Å"Black ocean,† this phrase gives a sense of fear because of the colour black, telling the reader that the ocean is cruel and full of evil. This may be related to the fact that Angelou is a black woman, who has gone through some unexpected horrible events. Angelou has used imageryShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Maya Angelous Still I Rise1858 Words   |  8 PagesThe poem I have chosen to write a detailed description and interpretation of is Maya Angelous Still I Rise. In analysing the chosen poem I will be considering the ways in which my own knowledge, experience and cultural identity might have an influence in the way I have read and interprete d the poem. This poem is very strong and powerful, as a reader I can sense this in the title of the poem, still I rise. If the reader does not know the origin of the author I guess that it will be hard to tellRead MorePerspectives on Hope: Eudora Weltys A Worn Path, and Maya Angelous Still I Rise1594 Words   |  7 Pagescomfort, strength and encouragement. Eudora Welty’s â€Å"A Worn Path† is a story of one woman’s hopeful, determined journey. Overcoming every obstacle and distraction in her path, she perseveres in order to complete her objective. Similarly, Maya Angelou’s â€Å"Still I Rise† tells the story of strength and resilience during adversity. The poem is a celebration of the endurance and hope of the African-American race. While both of these narratives highlight the unfortunate American history of racism, the storiesRead MoreEssay Personal Perseverance in the Works of Maya Angelou1313 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Perseverance in the Works of May a Angelou      Ã‚  Ã‚   Internationally respected brilliant poet, historian, and author Maya Angelou says in all my work I try to tell the human truth-what it is like to be human...what makes us stumble and fumbleand fall and somehow miraculously rise and go on from the darkness and into the light (Ebony 96). This theme is consistently exemplified throughout Angelous greatly acclaimed autobiographical worksand poems such as I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings, GatherRead MoreEssay on The Interpretation of None the Other, Maya Angelou1508 Words   |  7 Pagesworld holds. Dr. Maya Angelou is one of the most renowned and influential voices of our time. Hailed as a global renaissance woman, Dr. Angelou is a celebrated poet, memoirist, novelist, educator, producer, actress, historian, filmmaker, and civil rights activist. As a strong African-American woman, she has experienced the brutality of racial discrimination, yet also absorbed the unshakable faith and values of traditional African-American fami ly, community, and culture. Dr. Maya Angelou’s notorious aspectsRead MoreMaya Angelou1001 Words   |  5 PagesMaya Angelou You may shoot me with your words, you may cut me with your eyes, you may kill me with your hatefulness. But still, like air, Ill rise. Have you ever been so influenced by such a small amount of powerful words? This brilliant quote extracted from Maya Angelous own poem, Still I Rise, basically brings out the spirit and nature of each of her publications. Maya Angelous works of poetry are seen as inspiration for those who have been discriminated for their public appearances. AsRead MoreWhat Criteria Make Up A Poem?1225 Words   |  5 Pagesnot accurate. Eagleton states poetry is different than prose in the way poetry is structured and the way it uses language. Maya Angelou’s â€Å"Still I Rise† meets the five criteria of Terry Eagleton’s definition of a poem because it is un-pragmatic, verbally inventive, fictional, makes a moral statement, and is different than prose. The form of Maya Angelou’s poem, â€Å"Still I Rise† relates to the content of the poem. The form of the poem is rhyming quatrains, following the rhyme scheme ABCB. However, towardsRead MoreMaya Angelou: A Model Woman Through Influential Literature Essay1708 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluence on society itself. Maya Angelou is a great example of the model woman. She has beaten the odds and has become one of the most well known African American women of today. She is an author, poet, historian, songwriter, playwright, dancer, stage and screen producer, director, performer, singer, and civil rights activist. Her most influential work comes from her extraordinary books and poems. Her literature has influenced the young and old with their contents. Maya Angelous literary significanceRead MoreMaya Angelou: Speak Up Essay example1127 Words   |  5 PagesMaya Angelou experienced a life-changing event at the vulnerable age of eight: her mother’s boyfriend raped her. As a result, she chose to be mute for five years due to the emotional trauma this caused. Soon, a family friend named Mrs. Flowers, a wealthy and intellectual woman from Stamps, Arkansas where her grandmother resided, read with Angelou and helped Maya to express herself through writing. Mrs. Flowers taught Maya â€Å"words mean more than what is set down on paper. It takes the human voiceRead MoreAnalysis of the poem Still I Rise1268 Words   |  6 PagesAn Analysis of the poem Still I Rise by Maya Angelou African Americans have been oppressed for centuries. Despite this discrimination, people of this race have fought hard for their freedom and respect. This pursuit of equality is evident inMaya Angelou’s poem, â€Å"Still I Rise†. Angelou integrates numerous literary ideas such as various sounds, poetry forms, and key concepts.The poetic devices incorporated in Maya Angelou’s work, â€Å"Still I Rise†,heightens the overall effectivenessRead MoreA Comparison of ‘Still I Rise’ by Maya Angelou and ‘No Problem’ by Benjamin Zephaniah860 Words   |  4 PagesMaya Angelou is a internationally respected, brilliant poet, and author. Maya Angelou says In all my work I try to tell the human truth, what it is like to be human, what makes us stumble and somehow miraculously rise and go on from the darkness and into the light†. This theme is consistently exemplified throughout Angelous greatly acclaimed poem ‘Still I rise’. The poem shows us the true life story of Maya Angelous tragedies, and their dreadful conditions she had encountered in her youth. But

My Last Duchess By Robert Browning - 1529 Words

The four poets from War Photographer, Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night, Havisham, The Laboratory, My Last Duchess and On My First Sonne have all crafted very emotion based poems, all 6 present strong feelings. Some through manic speech and rhythm, others through a deeper meaning. I would say the majority of these poems (Havisham, Duchess, Laboratory and Photographer) all feature protagonists with mental disorders, after or during certain situations. My Last Duchess by Robert Browning is about a pretentious man looking back on the fate on his past wife in great detail (while preparing to marry someone else s daughter), apparently reveling in it because she looked at other men. The Duke (?) has a very twisted, sadistic way of looking at the incident, being angry at his wife rather than himself, despite him killing her. From I gave commands; then all smiles stopped together we can be sure he ordered her death. Once he has finished reminiscing, he returns to his usual business as if he were only remembering something vaguely unimportant. Another poem which includes the protagonists having strong feelings (namely, jealousy) leading to murder is The Laboratory, also by Browning, tells the story of a woman blinded by (apparent) love for Louis XIV (this poem is based off of the affair of the poisons, in which mistresses fought over him, and a lot died from poisoning), and sets out to kill every other mistress the King talks to. She is in an apothecary, and treats it likeShow MoreRelatedMy Last Duchess by Robert Browning693 Words   |  3 Pages‘My Last Duchess’ is all about control and jealousy. Written by Robert Browning in 1842 (the Victorian era), the dramatic monologue is set in 16th Century Italy where the Duke of Ferrara is talking to a Count’s emissary about a prospective marriage with the Counts daughter. The poem conveys the controlling nature of the Duke by the use of one stanza in the entire poem. It demonstrates this, as there is no interruption from the servant and no break whilst the Duke is talking. Any pauses in the poemRead MoreMy Last Duchess By Robert Browning886 Words   |  4 Pages My Last Duchess The dramatic monologue â€Å"My Last Duchess† was penned down by Robert Browning. In this poem, the narrator is the Duke of Ferrara, and the listener is the count’s agent, through whom the Duke is arranging the proposed marriage to a second duchess. The poem is ironical and reveals its rhetorical sense, gradually. In the later part of the poem, the Duke claims that he does not have a skill in speech, but his monologue is a masterpiece of subtle rhetoric. While supposedlyRead MoreMy Last Duchess By Robert Browning951 Words   |  4 PagesMy Last Duchess by Robert Browning Robert Browning was born May 7, 1812 in Camberwell, London. His father was a senior clerk in the Bank of England. His mother was a pianist. His love for writing dramatic monologues came from his father who gave him the love Browning had for art and literature. Browning attended the University of London for half a year before returning home to read in his father s library. His first work, Pauline: A Fragment of a Confession, was first issued in 1833. It was hisRead MoreMy Last Duchess By Robert Browning Essay1058 Words   |  5 PagesMy last duchess by Robert Browning Quote Analysis My Last Duchess by Robert Browning is a mysterious monologue about a duke who is showing a portrait of his former wife or last duchess to a visitor at his palace. While showing this portrait of his former wife, the duke begins to demean the duchess character and their life together. Although the duke is very well spoken and chooses his words carefully as he describes the duchess, he ends up reveling more about himself than his last duchess. By doingRead MoreMy Last Duchess by Robert Browning1795 Words   |  7 PagesIn My Last Duchess, Robert Browning takes poetic license with a real historical character from within the Italian Renaissance: Alfonso II, the last Duke of Ferrara. The Duke married a young bride, Lucrezia de’ Medici; however, their marriage ended mysteriously after just three years (Bloom 16). Within My Last Duchess, Browning uses the character and voice of the Duke to pass comment upon some of the themes of the Italian Renaissance, particularly the juxtaposition between aesthetics and moralityRead MoreMy Last Duchess By Robert Browning1492 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"My Last Duchess† The poem â€Å"My Last Duchess† is a masterful example of a dramatic monologue written by Robert Browning. In this poem the narrator is a duke who is discussing his murder of his last duchess with a man with whom he is arranging his marriage to a count’s daughter. As it is a monologue, the man being spoken to does not say a word. It is believed by many that this character is based on the Italian Duke of Ferrara, Alfonso II, who sought out the marriage of a count’s daughter followingRead MoreSummary Of My Last Duchess By Robert Browning1164 Words   |  5 PagesProfessor Newberry 13 February 2017 A Reader’s Guide to Robert Browning â€Å"My Last Duchess† Title and Author Robert browning was born on May 7,1817 in Camberwell, England. To and accomplished pianist and a bank clerk. It is said by the age of five he was already proficient of writing and reading. At the age of twelve he wrote a volume of Byronic verse entitled Incondita, which his parents attempted to have published. By thirteen birthday Browning had received the rest of Shelly’s work, and declared himselfRead MoreAnalysis Of My Last Duchess By Robert Browning1523 Words   |  7 PagesZografakis English Period 8 7 November 2014 Throughout history, gender roles have been an important barrier in society. Women are forced to satisfy expectations established by men and society. â€Å"My Last Duchess,† by Robert Browning, focuses on the powerful Duke establishing certain expectations of the Duchess, and attempting to control her. Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, concentrates on Laertes establishing certain expectations of Ophelia, and seeking to control her. A Room of One’s Own, by VirginiaRead More My Last Duchess by Robert Browning Essay2275 Words   |  10 PagesMy Last Duchess by Robert Browning In his poem â€Å"My Last Duchess†, Robert Browning gives his readers a complex picture of his two main characters. The Duke, who narrates the poem, is the most immediately present but Browning sets him up to ultimately lose the reader’s trust. The Duchess becomes the sympathetic character, a victim of foul play. It is through the various representations of the Duchess within the poem that we come to know both characters. The representations of the Duchess,Read MoreAnalysis of Robert Browning ´s My Last Duchess1165 Words   |  5 Pagesgiven by a character within the poem. My Last Duchess is a narrative poem where the poetic persona is narrating to another the story of his late wife. He first expunges on the painting of the duchess and then digresses to her personality and all her transgressions. He then makes some startling revelations about himself that allow the reader to become intimately aware of his personality. It is clear that the poetic persona in Robert Browning’s My Last Duchess is the Duke who is narrating the poem

Reading Response Kindred Free Essays

Timothy Kramer  |  Literature Composition  |  January 10, 2013 Timothy Kramer  |  Literature Composition  |  January 10, 2013 Reading Response Kindred Reading Response Kindred LT02 Summarize the Text In Olivia Butler’s novel, Kindred, an African American woman, Dana, is unexpectedly pulled back to the Slave Era where she struggles to face the inequalities that existed at that time. After moving into her new apartment with her newly wedded husband, Dana is unexpectedly pulled back in time to finds herself in 1800, Maryland where she sees Rufus drowning in a river. After rescuing the young white boy, she is then terrified by the father of the boy, threating to take her life, which literally scares her back to the future. We will write a custom essay sample on Reading Response: Kindred or any similar topic only for you Order Now It didn’t take very long for another dizzying time travel phenomenon to occur this time, she is pulled back to 1815. She finds Rufus watching his curtains. Dana quickly puts out the fire, talks to Rufus about it, and escapes from the house before Weylin, Rufus’s father, finds her. Dana goes to Alice’s house because she believes that she is an ancestor. Before she was able to arrive at the cabin, a group of white men break down the door whips Alice’s and beat him. They also beat Alice’s mother. After the men leave, Dana comes out from where she was hiding and helps out. When Dana leaves, a white man finds her, beats her, and attempts to rape her†¦ Following with another dizzying effect, where she is returned home to her own time†¦ Thirty minutes later of course. The next time Dana time travels, Kevin comes with. Back at the plantation, Rufus has broken his leg. Rufus refuses to let Dana leave, so everyone returns to the house together. Kevin and Dana stay on the plantation for a while, But when Dana gets caught teaching Nigel to read, Weylin whips her. Dana receives the â€Å"oh so familiar† dizziness and is returned to her normal timeline†¦ without Kevin. After about a week of Dana impatiently waiting and preparing for another infamous dizzying, time travel, extravaganza, she is transported back to 1820 in a forest not far from the plantation. Rufus had gotten into a fight with Isaac, Alice’s newly wedded husband, because he had raped her and wants her all to himself. Dana tells Isaac to leave Rufus alone and run away with Alice. Alice and Isaac are caught. After Rufus doesn’t mail her letters to Kevin, who has gone way up north, she tries and fails to escape the plantation, she is punished for her â€Å"crimes† and â€Å"earns† a whipping. Kevin shows up, and they both escape, were they escape a near death by time traveling back to the future. When Dana time travels back to the plantation, she learns that Rufus has sold Alice’s children. Alice soon after kills herself. Rufus attempts to commit suicide as a result. A few days following the â€Å"incident† Rufus confesses his â€Å"love† for her. She leaves planning to cut her wrists in order to get home, but Rufus follows her and attempts to rape her. Dana stabs him twice with her knife, killing him. She returns home immediately. Her arm is severed and crushed in the spot where Rufus was holding it. Wrapping the ending that was expressed in the prologue of the book. LT10 Expand Beyond the Text Education is one of the most important opportunities that we could possibly have. In the Olivia Butlers novel, Kindred, it is expressed this opportunity is not available for African Americans back in the 1800’s. Dana is constantly reminded and criticized because of this due to her superior knowledge from the 1970’s. This is expressed as a good thing expressing the fact that we have overcome our past inequalities and allowed this supreme opportunity, but this is only true in a few select countries. This opportunity has not expanded across the states to individuals that reside in third world countries due to extreme poverty. To them, this opportunity is a virtue they cannot afford, in fact it’s looked upon as a privilege that only a select few can experience. Back in the 1800’s, being a African American woman with knowledge was strange and unfamiliar to the people of that time, Which has indeed improved but not at all for what it could be. How to cite Reading Response: Kindred, Papers

Project Proposal on Melbourne transportation MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Project Proposal on Melbourne transportation improvement. Answer: Introduction Melbourne has one of the best transportation systems yet with increase in the population of traveller have lead to long waiting times for buses, trains, and trams which has pushed people into taking private vehicles for travel. From 2013 to 2014, the population of Victoria was increased by 106,700 to 5.84 million and by 2016; Melbourne population reached a mark of 4,64,1636. As population increased, the challenges with public transportation escalated resulting into people shifting to private cars. This is reflected in the increasing sales and ownership of cars in Melbourne people. Only 2-3rd of the population in Melbourne use public transportation services like trains and trams today.(Currie, Thursday 27th October 2016). Thus, there is a clear need for improvement in the public transportation system of Melbourne such that more people can be encouraged to use public vehicles for travel. This proposal suggests a research on the possible solutions to the public transportation issue faced by Melbourne such that solutions for improvement can be arrived at. Melbourne public transport system is unable to manage the needs of increasing population that is facing more wait times in public transport service like train, bus and train which is why many of them are shifting to private vehicles for travel. This causes increase in traffic on road as well as increase in pollution. There is a need to reduce the private vehicle traffic which can only be possible if the population is diverted back to public vehicles like trains and trams. This calls for an improvement in the public transportation system in Melbourne. Research aim, objectives and research questions The aim of this research is to discover ways to improve the public transportation system of Melbourne. This can be achieved with following objectives of research: Explore ways to reduce the waiting time of people at the public transportation facilities Improve the system in Melbourne so that more and more people can use public transport Divert the traffic using private vehicles to the public transport in Melbourne. To fulfil these objectives, certain research questions may be answered including: How can we reduce the waiting time for people using public transport vehicles? How can we increase the capacity or the resource utilization of the public transport vehicles so that more people can be accommodated? What improvements can we make in public transport such that people are encouraged to use it for travel? Justification and potential output Increasing population across the world causes concerns of travelling and government face challenges in meeting needs of increasing population. A common tendency of people diverting to private vehicles is seen in response. However, this has disadvantages such as: More resource wastage as instead of many people using one vehicle, the same number of people would be using multiple vehicles increasing fuel consumption. With increasing road transport vehicles, the pollution would also increase in cities Cost of private travel is always higher than public transportation which would lead to increase in the lifestyle cost of people Considering the above discussed implications of increase in private transport, cities need improvements in their public transport systems so that more people can be accommodated in public transportation. Melbourne is taken as a case for understanding the challenges in public transportation that has lead to decreasing use of the same by people such that solutions can be arrived at for improving the situation. For this, a research is proposed for exploration of transport system and possible enhancements. Identification of specific transportation problems faced by people in public transport Identification of reasons why people are shifting to private transportation Identification of cause of these problems faced by public from public transportation in Melbourne Exploration of different transportation system to come up with possible solutions for improvement of a public transport system Recommendations for improving the public transportation system of Melbourne Conceptual framework Travel options that people have can be considered as bundles of specific attributes that can describe a trip including its characteristics like purpose of travel, timing of travel, costs, convenience factor, and uncertainty. A travel option can be described subjectively while conducting an empirical study on it. It would need an understanding of how people conceptualize a travel option. Travel demand Management measures can be used to understand how users may respond to changes in attributes of the travel option. For instance, if a road transport faced traffic congestion then this can lead to switching of the travel mode by the users. This conceptual model can be applied to the current such that it can be said that an increase in the waiting time for trains in Melbourne lead to switching of the travel mode from trains or trams to private transport vehicles(Singleton, 2013). A travel option can have two types of determinants including attributes of travel options and goals or intensions of the people when evaluating attributes like cost, time, and convenience while selecting a mode of transport for their household. An example of such a goal would be reduction of expenses which would compel them to use public transport. These goals may be influenced by certain static factors like occupation, income, family structure, travel pattern, and attitude. People would have some implementation intensions that would include a plan for achieving desired goals using various transport facilities. A range of options may be chosen by them from using electric communication, staying home, car pooling or using trip chains with specific modes and departure times. They may even consider certain long term possibilities such as moving to new location, selling car, changing workplace, changing work hours, and so on(Loukopoulos, et al., 2003). Goals can be divided into difficulty level, specifics, complexity and conflicts. Difficulty is about the skills that are required for achieving goals such as driving in case of private vehicle. Specificity is concerned whether the goal is quantitative or not. Complexity explores various dimensions of the outcome. Conflict involves understanding the degree to which one goal achievement can prevent achievement of other goal such as choice of low cost travel by train would compromise the goal of convenient travel which is possible with car(Litman, 2017). A status quo followed by people for achieving goals can act as a benchmark for the attributes such that alternatives are evaluated as a loss or as a gain. In case the goal could not be achieved, the person would use a lexographical rule. This would involve switching to a different transportation MODE. However, in this case, a sufficient time buffer must be available for slower transport mode. Despite this time buffer, the travellers would still feel the time stress and would thus, be dissatisfied. In case, the idea does not work, a person combine activities and make adjustments in schedules. For instance, a person would use a car for completing multiple activities so that number of trips can be minimized. Coordination in schedule can be done through car pooling. From this understanding of the peoples behaviour in the case of travel mode choice, it can be said that some key principles play a significant role in determining human behaviour such as lexographic decision, status quo, cost -benefit trade-off, and disutility minimization(Rousseau, 2012). As per the conceptual framework, the choice of travel mode is influenced by goals, changes in trip chain attributes, and situational factors. Disturbances can lead to deviation from reference such that it would be required to be countered. For instance, a person planning to go for a movie may plan to use bicycle but if disturbance occurs in the form of rain then it can lead to the change of outcome from watching movie in theatre to staying home or change of transport mode to a public transport rather than bicycle(Lewis, et al., 2008). For the consideration of the change of mode of transport, the disturbance has to be major and the value of the outcome must be significant. For example, in case a movie ticket is booked in advance, the goal is important and thus, rather than staying home, the family would think of changing the mode of transport. Such disturbances can also lead to creation of a new reference level. For instance, in case of a movie plan, if it is raining then a person may look for alternatives that would be selected or rejected on the basis of criterias of attributes. For instance, in case of movie watching, an alternative is walking which would be rejected as it would lead to the traveller getting wet. Car pooling may not be a feasible option. In certain situations goals are not implemented such as in the cases they are unrealistic, when people change their mind because of reduced commitment towards it, and when goal could not be achieved before it is forgotten. Four types of relationships can be defined between goals and behaviour including true positive, false positive, false negative, and true negative. When behaviour leads to goal achievement, it is called true positive. When behaviour is displayed without any goal, it is false negative which usually is impulsive or habitual. When there is a goal but no action steps are taken then it reflects lack of commitment or forgetfulness. In absence of both goal and behaviour, it is true negative(Silva, 1993). While public transport of Melbourne make a huge facility and is used by a large number of people in the city, its ability to response to the changing needs of customers has not been up to the mark. At the backend, the system has cost related inefficiencies that make the system weak which is why it is not able to make use of the opportunities of changing dynamics. The city transport system is more focused on the suppler side rather than on the user side to maintain its financial situation. Whether the service provides a value for money option for the passengers is in question. If the organization needs to improve its services, additional funds are required but that would also mean higher cost for passengers and thus, deterioration of the value for money(Hensher, 2000). A key challenge faced by passengers while using a public transport system is crowding which increases their waiting time as well as cause inconvenience in travel. Several measurements can be used for understanding the performance of the public transport system with respect to the customer concerns such as crowding. For measuring crowding in a railway system, excess of capacity (PiXC) measure can be used for measuring peak traffic in morning and evening which can reflect upon the passengers who exceed the standard class capacity such that the actual people travelling reach the critical point. Percentage of standard class passengers who travel standing is another measurers percentage of passengers that travel standing in trains or trams. PiCX allows counting of passengers for up to 20 minutes of standing to measure crowding levels. This suggests that for short journeys, standing customers are acceptable but for longer journeys, passengers should be able to sit(Lierop, et al., 2017). Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual (TCQSM) is a system of measurement of crowding which can be used for identification of the crush load levels. It defines different level of loading including level A when the train is comparatively free, B when people need to choose where too sit, C when all passengers have seats, D when some people are standing comfortably, E when maximum load is covered and F when the load reaches the crushing level and passengers stand with much difficulties. Every station and train in Melbourne has its own measure for TCQSM. In peak hours, the city has over 135% of the seat capacity utilized but the standing time for most people is less than 20 minutes. These measurement models can be used for understanding the level of crowd that the citizens face in Melbourne(Li Hensher, 2013). This research would make use of a mixed research methodology involving secondary literature analysis and primary survey. The research would begin with the literature review in which past research papers, books, journals, and reports would be explored and the resulting data would be analyzed thematically to identify themes of transportation problems and solution. It would also reveal keywords on challenges of transportation and decision making. This would form a basis for a questionnaire which would be used for conducting a survey. The questionnaire would attempt to understand challenges faced by travellers when they use public transport. It would include difficulties with each public transport method. The survey would also ask questions on the methods they use for making decisions about selection of the transport route(Booth, et al., 2012). Data Collection: Data would be collected from the residents of Melbourne and they would be distributed questionnaire for getting the data. The population of Melbourne in 2015 was 23.78 million out which around 16% people used public transport which makes 3.8 million people. Considering this population, a sample size of 300 is defined to be used for this survey considering the population that uses public transport(PT, 2017). Data Analysis: the data collected from the survey would be entered and coded in SPSS. Statistical analysis would be used on the data. Descriptive analysis would be used for demographic data analysis. Further, correlation and regression tests would be used for determining relationships between different experiential factors and the decision making criteria of citizens when considering transport mode. The organization for which this research would be conducted is Public Transport Victoria (PTV)which is a statutory authority for all the public transport systems working in the city. It acts as a single point of contact for all the customers who need information about the services, tickets, initiatives, and fares. The objective of the organization is to improve its current transportation system and expand its networks of train, tram and bus services(Stone, et al., 2015). Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors Project Proposal on Melbourne transportation improvement 90 days Mon 22-05-17 Fri 22-09-17 Proposal 20 days Mon 22-05-17 Fri 16-06-17 Literature Review 20 days Mon 19-06-17 Fri 14-07-17 2 Data Collection 33 days Mon 17-07-17 Wed 30-08-17 3 Data Analysis 6 days Thu 31-08-17 Thu 07-09-17 4 Report Preparation 7 days Fri 08-09-17 Mon 18-09-17 5 Report proofreading, editing and submission 4 days Tue 19-09-17 Fri 22-09-17 6 Budget and justification The total budget of the project is $5000 approx. and it is expected that the it is enough for the project to be completed within the timeframe of 15th August 2017. The mentioned budget is appropriate for the project because: Literature review will be conducted using textbooks, online resources and articles. They will cost around $1500. Data collection will be done using surveys and questionnaire. The questionnaire will be imparted using emails and offline medium. In case, receivers mail assumes it to be spam, it will land up in spam folder and will be of no use. Also, in case users is unable to access ones mail, then also emails sent will go in vain. All this will cost $1500. Data analysis will be done using MS excel, tables or database tool. It will cost around $2000. Conclusions Public Transport Victoria (PTV) is facing challenges in getting more passengers as they are shifting towards private vehicle usage for transportation mainly due to the waiting time they have to spend on public transport facilities. The organization needs to enhance its existing systems by solving problems in transport and providing facilitation services that encourage users to use public transport. For this, a research is proposed which would include mixed methodology. A literature review analysis would be conducted to understand the challenges of people and to discover solutions while a primary survey would be used to explore challenges of customers and their decision making journeys. A sample size of 300 has been proposed and a statistical analysis using correlation and regression methods would be used. The results would be interpreted to understand problems of people and identify solutions for improving transport services in Melbourne. Recommendations would be made for the authori ty to make these improvements. References Andrle, S. J., 1999. Highlights of the Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual, s.l.: Federal Transit Administration. Booth, a., papaioannou, D. Sutton, a., 2012. SyStematic approacheS to a successful literature review, s.l.: Sage Publications, Inc. . Currie, P. G., Thursday 27th October 2016. Public Transport in Melbourne. Melbourne Transport Problems Progress , p. 15. Hensher, D. A., 2000. Urban Public Transport Challenges. The Drawng Board: An Australian Review of Public Affiars, 1(2), pp. 47-62. Lewis, M., Haviland-Jones, J. M. Barrett, L. F., 2008. Handbook of Emotions. 3rd ed. s.l.:The Guilford Press. Lierop, D. v., Badami, M. G. El-Geneidy, A., 2017. Nothing but a good ride: The influences of satisfaction and loyalty in public transport. WashingtonD.C.,USA, TransportationResearchBoardAnnualMeeting. Litman, T., 2017. Evaluating Public Transit Benefits and Costs: Best Practices Guidebook, s.l.: Victoria Transport Policy Institute. Li, Z. Hensher, D. A., 2013. Crowding in Public Transport: A Review of Objective and Subjective Measures. Journal of Public Transportation, 16(2), pp. 107-134. Loudon, 2001. Consumer Behavior: Concepts And Applications. s.l.:Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Loukopoulos, P. et al., 2003. 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