Marketing Campaigns and Ethical Perspectives

Entrepreneurship and Innovation Session: 3 Subject: The Social and Ethical Perspective of Entrepreneurship Case: A Friend For Life The Glades Company is a small manufacturer. It has produces and marketed a number of different toys and appliances that have done very well in the marketplace. Late last year, the product designer at the company, Tom Bringer, told the President, Paula Glades, that he had invented a small, cuddly, talking bear that might have a great deal of appeal. The bear is made of fluffy brown material that stimulate our, and it had a tape inside that contains 50 messages.The Glades Company decided to find out exactly how much market appeal the bear would have. Fifty of the bears were produced and placed In the kindergartens and nurseries around town. The results were better than the firm had hoped. One of the nurseries reported: â€Å"The bear was so popular that most of the children wanted to take it home for an evening. † Another said the bear was the most t oy in the school. Based on these data, the company decided to manufacture and market 1,000 of the bears. At the same time, a catchy marketing slogan was formulated: â€Å"A Friend For Life. The bear was marketed as a product a child could play with for years and years. The first batch of 1,000 bears sold out within a week. The company then scheduled another production run, this time 25,000 bears. Last week. In the middle of the production run, a problem was uncovered. The process of making the bear fur was much more expensive than anticipated. The company Is now faced with two options: It can absorb the extra cost and have the simulated fur produced, or It can use a bustiest fur that will not last as long.Specifically, the Orlando simulated fur will last for up to seven years of normal use: the less expensive simulated fur will last for only eight months. Some of the managers at Glade believe that most children are not interested in playing with the same toy for more than eight mon ths; therefore, substituting the less-expensive simulated for the more expensive fur should be no problem. Others believe that the company will damage its reputation if it have opts for the substitute fur.We are going to have complaints within eight months, and we are going to repent the day we agreed to a cheaper substitute,† the production manager argues. The sales manager disagrees, contending that â€Å"the market Is ready for this product, and we ought to provide It. † In the middle of this crawls, the accounting department Issued Its cost analysis of the venture. If the company goes with the more expensive simulated fur, it will lose $ 2. 75 per bear. If it chooses the less-expensive simulated The final decision on the matter rests with Paula Glades.People on both sides of the issue have given her their opinion. One of the last to speak was the vice president of manufacturing, who said â€Å"If you opt for the less expensive fur, think of what it is going to do t o your marketing campaign of ‘A Friend For Life. ‘ Are you going to change the slogan to ‘ A Friend For Eight Months'? † But the marketing vice president argued a different course of action: â€Å"We have a fortune tied up in this bear. If you stop production now or go to the more-expensive substitute, we'll lose or shirts. We aren't owing anything illegal by substituting the fur.The bear looks the same. Who's to Questions for discussion: 1 . Is the recommendation of the vice president marketing legal? Is it ethical? Why or why not? The marketing vice president has recommended that production continue using the substitute fur. While this is not illegal, since there are no laws specifically governing what type of simulated fur is used, it is unethical to delude the public into thinking the product is of high quality when the material is actually of low quality. Especially nice the company knows exactly what it is doing in trading away good faith and trust for the sake of profits. . Would it be ethical if the firm used the less expensive simulated fur but did not change its slogan of â€Å"A Friend For Life† and did not tell the buyer about the change in the production process? Why or why not? No, it would not be ethical since the firm had already produced 26,000 bears with the higher quality simulated fur that lasts seven years. The continued production of bears under the same slogan â€Å"A Friend for Life† but with lower-quality simulated fur expected to last only eight months is consumer fraud.Thus, while the legal question may be debated as to the actual fraud, the ethics question is not debatable. This is a prime example of disregard for ethics. 3. If you were advising Paula, What would you recommend? As an adviser to Paula, you should utilize Table 6. 3, which illustrates the various approaches to management ethics. The column dealing with â€Å"moral management† explains the different aspects of ethics concer ned with motives, goals, orientation to the law, and strategy.The strategy segment especially applies to Paula in that she must assume a leadership role when ethical dilemmas arise. In dealing with consumers, enlightened self- interest means that by having concern for others will find that either full disclosure to†¦ One of the most important attributes for small business success, is the distinguishing quality of practicing admirable business ethics. Business ethics, practiced throughout the deepest layers of a company, become the heart and soul of the company's culture and can mean the difference between success and failure

Only Child Syndrome Essay

When most couples today are thinking about kids, they wonder how many they should have. Some people want big families and others would rather have smaller ones. Then there are others that have no clue. They may worry about ‘the only child syndrome†, there are some people that believe it’s true. The question is ‘what is the only child syndrome? It’s a myth that dates back all the way to the late 1800s. When G. Stanley Hall said being an only child was â€Å"a disease all in itself.† Susan Newman, a social psychologist at Rutgers University and the author of the book â€Å"Parenting an Only Child† says the myth has been continued because, â€Å"People articulate that only children are spoiled, they’re aggressive, they’re bossy, they’re lonely, they’re maladjusted and the list goes on and on and on.† (Only-Child Syndrome or Advantage) But there is no science to prove that the stereotype is true. Newman has said, â€Å"There has been hundreds and hundreds of research studies that show that only children are no different from their peers.† (OCSA) Even though most parents fear that their child will have â€Å"the only child syndrome†, there are many positive aspects of having an only child. Children are expensive. According to the department of Labor, for families that make roughly $60,000 a year, each child costs more than $250,000 by the time he or she reaches 18, and that doesn’t include the cost of college (What’s Better: One Child or Siblings?). Children cost their parents roughly $50,000 in just food by the time their 18. †Twenty percent of the family population is one child,† Susan Newman said. â€Å"In the major metropolitan cities, like New York and Los Angeles, that number is thirty percent. People are having children later, which leaves less time for having the second child. Housing is expensive. The divorce rate hovers at fifty percent. Often both parents are working, and child care is a factor.† (WB:OCS) By being in an only child family, the child can develop better verbal skills and excel in school because they have more time to read than children with siblings. They also tend to have high IQ’s because their parents hold them to such high expectations and have more money to give them for schooling. Only children usually have good leadership benefits. They are both born first and last so they have both roles that they have to assume. Only children don’t usually take to groups often, but when they do they more that usually will dominate the group in leadership positions (Only Child Versus Multiple Siblings). As an only child they don’t have to worry about sibling rivalries. They don’t have to worry about competing for their parent’s affection. Sibling rivalries may become out of control when a younger, rebellious siblings compete for their parent’s affection. In some instances, sibling rivalries have become fatal when inheritances or other emotional affection come into play (OCVMS). It’s no fun having a sibling that your parent’s think can do no wrong. The child always has to get compared to this sibling no matter what they do. It would put a strain on the relationship with the sibling and also the relationship with the parents. An only child wouldn’t have to deal with any of that. Only children can grow up to become more independent, that is if their parents haven’t spoiled them by tending to their each and every need (Advantages and Disadvantages of Being an Only Child). They wouldn’t have an older sibling to depend on to help them every step of the way so they would have to fend for themselves. There may be many advantages of being an only child but there are also some disadvantages. â€Å"The Little Emperor Syndrome† is one that comes to mind. The Little Emperor Syndrome is an unintended consequence of China’s one-child policy. The parent gives their love, attention, resources to the one child and the results are that the child becomes spoiled and behaves like a â€Å"Little Emperor†. (ADBOC) The child gets used to having everything done for them by their parent so much so that when they live in the real world, they are faced with real problems they may not be able to cope with. They may also lack self-confidence, and may feel lost when they are outside of the shelter that their parent have made for them. This may not always be the case though. It can be overcome with good parenting. Another big disadvantage of being an only child may be the feeling of loneliness. They wouldn’t have any siblings to talk to and share memories with, or to play with on the weekends. When their parents are no longer around, not having someone to talk to or look up to for any kind of help or support can be a real problem for the child. Furthermore, when their parents are older and need to have someone to take care of them, the only child would have to have all of that responsibility on their shoulders and it could get very overwhelming (ADBOC). An only child could have a lot of pressure put on them by their parents. Like pressure to keep the family name going, or academic pressures. Also being an only child could mean having your parents watch you like a hawk, which may be quite suffocating and stressful. Having siblings could take some of that pressure off that one child and they could have a more of a stress free life. But again this may not be true in all cases. The only child may be able to handle stress easily or have no stress at all. Only children have to work twice as hard at making friends. They don’t have the opportunity of learning social skills by having other children in their household. So that means they have to learn all of their social skills in the real world with other children. An only child may be labeled as a â€Å"spoiled brat† by others that are jealous of their success. They usually receive more negativity from the world than children who were raised with multiple siblings (OCVMS). They may also be labeled as â€Å"loners† because they are used to working on their own on solving problems. A â€Å"loner† isn’t usually taken well by society. Only children usually value their privacy and the luxuries of having their personal lives communicated only to trusted groups of individuals (OCVMS). On the other hand, having multiple siblings can have its advantages, too. Children with siblings learn to negotiate, dominate or submit to other people. They learn to interact with each other at home first rather than with other children. Siblings tend to learn from each other’s mistakes. The first born usually take the role of the â€Å"teacher† or the boss in the family. They can teach the younger siblings about the things they did wrong when they were younger and didn’t know themselves. People who must deal with multiple siblings learn to be better leaders. They are taught to cooperate negotiate and in some instances, compete at home (OCVMS). Most likely the oldest sibling is usually the natural born leader. When individuals have siblings they tend to learn early n what their strengths and weaknesses are and they can build their lives accordingly. Negotiating with multiple siblings is usually a big reason so individuals to learn fast what their strength and we aknesses are so they can use them. Like being an only child, having siblings has its disadvantages too. Having to fight for parent attention and financial support is a big one. Parents who often have to educate multiple kids and enroll them in social activities find themselves in financial strain (OCVMS). So if there is a big age difference between kids, one child may have completely different experience that the other siblings. The blame game is another disadvantage. Younger siblings are usually more rebellious and less successful. The older sibling is usually the one that takes the heat for the younger sibling’s proclivities or personality traits. Younger male siblings are more likely to become homosexual. In fact, there is a 20% chance that a younger male sibling will become gay (OCVMS). Jealousy is often directed toward the older and usually more successful sibling. The younger siblings may form a group to unseat the older sibling from their â€Å"throne.† Younger siblings may be jealous of the older siblings’ money, knowledge, spouse, status, or the time that was spent with their parents before they were born. This happens especially when there is a significant age different between siblings. Many couples now days have to worry about many different things when they want to become parents. They worry about how many kids they want and financially strains of having children. I come from a family where I am the eldest of four younger siblings. Even though I don’t experience it first hand, I am not one who believes in the only child syndrome. Works Cited â€Å"Advantages and Disadvantages of Being an Only Child.† HubPages. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2012. . â€Å"Joys of Parenting.† Joys of Parenting. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2012. . â€Å"Only Child Syndrome a Myth.† Discovery News. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2012. . â€Å"The Situationist.† The Situationist. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2012.

Response paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Response paper - Essay Example During the 1500s, this expansion continued the journey reaching its zenith in 1590 when the empire became truly gigantic and influential. The Ottomans were not only at the height of power at this point in the history of the empire, but they also became very progressive socioeconomically. Using the gunpowder technology, the Ottomans managed to thwart the Safavids establishing their influence on them. This technology helped a lot in facilitating the Ottoman successes and ensuring the empire’s dynamism and expansion. The empire also expanded due to growing influence of the Sultan because many rulers like the one of Algiers voluntarily submitted to Selim clearly intimidated by him. Growing expansion of the Ottoman empire and establishment of authority in different states helped the Ottomans in controlling the trade coming from those areas. This ability to control the trade and interact with a broad range of people from diverse cultural backgrounds helped the Ottoman empire to grow economically and socially. The empire reached its maximum size when benefiting from dynastic issues encountered by the Safavids, the Ottomans â€Å"in a war between 1578 and 1590, captured Safavid territory in the Caucasus and western Iran† (Imber, 2004). Like the Ottoman empire, the Safavids also made the empire economically strong by benefiting from their control on trade. The empire was based in what is modern day Iran. So, the strategic location between East and West promised the Safavid empire a fascinating stronghold on trade. General consensus is that the economic strength of the empire came from its highly strategic and valuable location â€Å"on the trade routes† (BBC, 2009). It was this control on trade between East and West that the Safavids became influential enough to challenge two strong empires, one from East called the Mughal empire and other from West known as the Ottoman empire. It is also agreed that during the period from 1501 to 1722,

Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty - Research Paper Example From 1819, Panama was some piece of the league or a federation and nation of Colombia however when Colombia rejected United States arrangements to assemble a channel over the Isthmus of Panama, the U.S. upheld a transformation that prompted the autonomy of Panama in 1903. The new Panamanian government sanctioned French specialist Philippe Bunau-Varilla, to arrange a bargain with the United States. The Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty permitted the U.S. to assemble the Panama Canal and accommodate interminable control of zone five-miles wide on either side of the trench. Despite the fact that the French had endeavored development of a trench in the 1880s, the Panama Canal was effectively manufactured from 1904 to 1914. When the channel was finished the U.S. held a swath of area running the roughly 50 miles over the Isthmus of Panama. The division of the nation of Panama into two parts by the U.S. domain of the Canal Zone brought about strain all around the twentieth century. Also, the independent Canal Zone (the authority name for the U.S. region in Panama) helped little to the Panamanian economy. The occupants of the Canal Zone were essential U.S. natives and West Indians who worked in the Zone and on the channel3. Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty was marked or signed on 18 November 1903 by Secretary of State John M. Feed and Philippe Bunau-Varilla, a French waterway guru who had helped arrange the Panamanian rebel against Colombia and went about as the new managing juntas emissary to Washington. The bargain gave that the United States ensure the autonomy of Panama, while getting in interminability a ten-all inclusive portion of domain for the development of a trench. The United States was made completely sovereign over this zone and held the right to mediate somewhere else in Panama as important to keep request. In exchange,

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Human Resource Management - Essay Example Khan had gone for an interview with the organization wearing the hijab, which did not prevent her from being hired as she had agreed to wear it if it matched the company colours. However, a higher-ranking manager spotted her in one and suspended her immediately after which he went ahead and dismissed her from work. In the judgement, US district attorney Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers of Oakland argued that Abercrombie had granted exemptions since 2005 which allowed employees to wear Jewish yarmulke, a baseball cap among other exemptions she went ahead to argue that Khan’s attire had not in any way affected the business. The attorney found out that Abercrombie had violated the religious rights of Khan and therefore awarded her damages to the tune of 48, 000 dollars. In addition, the organisation was required to permanently drop any ban that it had in respect to headscarves. In the settlement, the organisation was also required to accommodate different religious beliefs and practises as long as it did not suffer any undue hardships. Worker absenteeism costing the economy billions Absenteeism among workers has caused most of the economies in the world to lose billions of dollars. This absenteeism ranges from short offs to long leaves from work. The rates of absenteeism differs between different working conditions and industries, for instance workers who are on full time employment terms have a higher rate of absenteeism as compared to those that are working on contractual basis. In addition, government employees are more likely to be involved in higher levels of absenteeism as compared to people working in the private sector. In Canada, the level of absenteeism among full time workers is an average of 9.3 days, which represents almost two full working weeks. The trend of absenteeism is more rampant among full time government employees who are estimated to be absent from work about 12.9 days a year and private sector workers who are absent from work 8.2 days a year. It is estimated that in 2012, the Canadian economy lost about 16.6 billion US dollars due to workers absenteeism. This trend is likely to continue as the workers age if it is not properly handled. A major shortcoming in dealing with the problem of worker absenteeism is that despite of the economic implications that it has on the Canadian economy, less than half of the employees track down the number of absent days that employees have. Despite it being hard to compare the levels of absenteeism between countries, the levels of absenteeism in Canada are high compared to those in United States of America and United Kingdom. Age discrimination in the workplace in Michigan Age discrimination in the work place occur when the employer makes employment related decisions on the basis of age or treats the employees differently due to their age. in Michigan, several age discrimination practises are illegal, for instance, sacking, hiring or refusing to hire an individual based on his age is con sidered illegal, treating employees differently based on their age in relation to promotions, wages, knowledge advancement opportunities, benefits or training is also not allowed (Hulett, 2011). In addition, when an employer advertises a vacancy in his organisation stating preferences for people of a certain age bracket is also considered as an illegal age discrimination practise in Michigan. In Michigan, age discrimination

Employee Relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Employee Relationship - Essay Example Finally, the paper concludes stating that a sophisticated employee relation is necessary for efficient running of any firm. It is not feasible to discuss conceptual approaches to flexible working without reference to the work of Atkinson (1984), who developed the concept of "the flexible firm" in the recognition of changes which had taken place in the nature and composition of the workforce at that time. In the model of the "flexible firm" (see Figure overleaf), Atkinson propounded the concept of "core" versus "peripheral" workers. Core workers are a permanent component of a firm's workforce who deliver functional flexibility through their capacity to undertake a wide range of tasks. In contrast, peripheral workers provide a firm with numerical flexibility, with their numbers increasing or reducing with changing labour market conditions. The flexible firm approach involves a reorganisation of a firms' internal labour markets and their division into separate components, wherein workers' experiences and employer's expectations are increasingly differentiated (see Atkinson and Gregory 1986). Bryson (1999) argues that training/development and the involvement of employees are more likely to be directed at core workers, while 'peripheral' workers will be exposed more and more to 'raw' market forces. In times of recession, peripheral or non full-time workers are much more susceptible to lay-offs and redundancies. It is not insignificant that atypical workers, including those job-sharing, working part-time or on short-term contracts, are very clearly located on the periphery of the workforce under this approach. There is little doubt that the flexible firm model was influential in the development of employment policy in UK private and public sector organizations in recent years (see Lawton and Rose 1994). The extent to which this placement of atypical workers as peripheral workers truly reflects the reality of life in Irish organizations remains to be seen. There is certainly evidence to show that, in the Civil Service, opting for flexible, family friendly working arrangements, such as job-sharing, is perceived as unlikely to enhance longer-term career prospects (see Humphreys, Drew and Murphy 1999). However, what is clear is that, given the frequent gender differentiation between core and periphery workers, it is absolutely vital from both the equality and 'family-friendly' viewpoints that flexible working arrangements move in from the periphery to the core of organizational activity and thinking. - http://www.welfare.ie/publications/work_fam/chapter3.html INDIVIDUALISM AND COLLECTIVISM Individualism and collectivism are conflicting views of the nature of humans, society and the relationship between them. Individualism holds that the individual is the primary unit of reality and the ultimate standard of value. This view does not deny that societies exist or that people benefit from living in them, but it sees society as a collection of individuals, not something over and above them. Collectivism holds that the group---the nation, the community, the proletariat, the race, etc.---is the primary unit of reality and the ultimate standard of value. This view does not deny the reality of the individual. But ultimately, collectivism holds

International Baccalaureate (IB) Vs. The Traditional High School Research Paper

International Baccalaureate (IB) Vs. The Traditional High School Curriculum - Research Paper Example International Baccalaureate offers three programmes to students who are between the age of 3 and 19. It has led to increase in the quality of education that many students get worldwide (Mathews & Hill, 2005). Most of the IB institution are privately own. On the other hand, traditional schools are public schools that started long time ago. The government built traditional schools to ensure that many students went to school despite the economic backgrounds of their families (Reese, 2005). However, International Baccalaureate (IB) can be compared with the traditional high school curriculum in very many areas. Comparing IB and traditional schools is very hard especially when one is trying to see which one of them is better. This will only depends on what someone is looking for in the field of education. IB programs’ main aim is to foster critical thinking and to make student to understand worldly with the aim of learning to work globally. Students are taught to develop intellectual, emotional and social skills that they can apply in their working environments. Therefore, schools that provide good traditional education are also able to provide the same skills to their students. IB education offers three programs to their students between the age of 3 and 19.

The Impact of Reforms within the Milk Sector in 1984 Research Paper

The Impact of Reforms within the Milk Sector in 1984 - Research Paper Example Milk is sold either through contract or cooperatives. The ratio of cooperatives in total milk production is different in the individual member countries of the EU because of differing systems of agriculture. The ratio of cooperatives is the lowest in Spain and Greece (18 and 20 percent), and is the highest, in Denmark, Ireland, Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom (96-100 percent). Within the UK, milk and dairy products are mainly distributed through cooperatives. The milk production scenario in the UK is not just limited to distribution factors but also to its production which seem to determine the general outlook of the milk sector4. The milk sector in UK is a large one and there are around 12 million cattle in the UK mainly reared for beef or milk production. Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs or Defra is responsible for UK milk production and marketing policy. Defra has the responsibility for sponsorship of the dairy industry in the UK and helps to sustain the industry. The Common Agricultural Policy5 and milk quotas and UK policy on dairy are controlled and implemented by the Defra. Defra thus upholds global Milk and dairy policies and also represents UK interests at the EU Management Committee for Milk and Milk Products6. The pre-1984 scenario in the dairy sector showed higher production quantities and as there were no quota constraints, the more efficient producers could expand on a large scale whereas the least efficient ones had to leave milk production. Milk production quotas that were introduced by 1984 tend to thwart these market patterns and even allow the least efficient milk producing units to stay in business putting a check on the more efficient ones who have competitive advantages. There was an excess milk production in the pre-1984 scenario and the export facilities or even the disposal facilities were time consuming, expensive or even insufficient or unavailable7. What made the EU reform' The additional production quota, introduced in 1984, has been designed to reduce the imbalance between supply and demand for milk and milk products and consequently the resulting structural surpluses8. Thus with the quota system, excess production and surpluses could be handled more efficiently. Some of the factors responsible for introduction of quotas include budgetary pressures, over or excess supply of milk when productivity increased much more than the consumption and also external pressures. According to the Defra, the milk quotas system was introduced by the European Community in April 1984 in which member EU states were allocated a national quota of milk production and supply. This was done to curb excess production of dairy products and also to reduce expenditure on the disposal of surplus milk and milk products9. Pre-1984, expenditure on support and removal in the dairy sector had reached 5.2 billion euro that was 30% of the total agriculture budget10. Reform - The use of quotas/ super levies as the main instrument The quota limits were in place for EU milk production since 1984, and individual milk producers were subject to these policy changes. Following the

Labor Management and Personnel Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Labor Management and Personnel Work - Essay Example Behavioral management theory has been modified over time, to incorporate more cognitive and agenetic theories that are inclusive of an individual's socio and physical environment (Stroh, Northcraft, & Neal, 2001). As such, behavioural management theory provides guidance as to management and employee personal and occupational development, and in the identification of employee and target market expectations and needs. This paper will propose a qualitative investigation of job satisfaction among employees at a local bank. Firstly, a literature review will identify current knowledge to justify the design chosen. Secondly, the method will outline the proposed design, variables, materials, ethical considerations and procedure. Finally, a conclusion shall synthesize the main points of the paper and demonstrate the important implications of conducting this study to enhance employee work experiences and to increase workplace efficiency. Behavioral management is a psychological approach to understanding and explaining human behavior; within the organizational setting, the general theory has been used for performance management. Corporations have used the theory to define work behaviors that are considered the most effective to get the job done (Coffs, 1997). Behavioral analysis incorporates a set of concepts and methods that can help to establish efficient and harmonious workplace environments. Behavior analysis concepts help us understand how people function within the realities of the world they live in. Drawing also on general systems concepts, behavioural management theory aids in understanding the reasons why an employee takes a course of action that they do, as well as informing management as to how to determine training needs; and how to communicate positive and negative feedback on employee's performance (Wilson, Lizzio, Whicker, Gallois, & Price, 2003).Importantly, and some say unfounded, job satisfaction h as become the work attitude to be investigated by a majority of researchers seeking to establish a relationship between employee attitudes and workplace efficiency (Wright, 2006). Such study reveals information about the person as an employee, as well as a social entity. "Attitudes," "motives," "values," "perceptions," "personality characteristics," "intelligence," and "performance outcomes," can describe an employee in terms that management can apply to overall business strategies (Kane, 1996).Toyota Ltd takes a critical approach to investigating employee perceptions of work satisfaction. The give each employee a questionnaire for self-evaluation and management feeds back their interpretations, often, the employee might have a different target set as compared to management in terms of performance (Toyota Industries, 2004). Strengths are recognized, and the employee is mentored to work on their weaknesses so as to improve performance. Continuous improvement is always the goal for a company, and in terms of people it is recommended to train and re-train, rather than

What is Rhetoric Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What is Rhetoric - Assignment Example From an analysis of these three major definitions, I would say that rhetoric is a manner of speaking that helps a speaker convey a message effectively. As can be seen, rhetoric is a communication tool, so its importance arises from the ability of a speaker to manipulate its use to convey messages. Rhetoric is a tool that can be used by the speaker to influence the listener’s mindset, so it is important for convincing people of opinions that they should understand. However, rhetoric is a combination of the good and bad. Just like any tool, rhetoric can be used for negative and positive purposes. This means that rhetoric is a tool, a tool used in speech for different purposes. Rhetoric is a tool that can be used to build or destroy lives, depending on the way the speaker chooses to use it. For example, a speaker can choose to use to use rhetoric as a weapon, which is still an application of a

Against School Essay Example for Free

Against School Essay Against School Gattos opinion on school is extremely intense and straight forward. For the most part I agree with his standing point on the subject of schooling. I agree with his arguments of how we have become a society that completely relies on technology to keep us from being bored, and this notion teaches us to be absent minded rather than creative. I also agree that keeping kids â€Å"locked up† in a building for about seven hours a day gives us no room to grow individually and learn from life experiences. Not only are students the ones in jeopardy because of this confined structure, but the teachers are as well. It’s almost like this narrow minded school system we abide by is just a dark cloud that hovers over us and imprints this idea that there is no other way to do things. When you think about it, school closely resembles what prison is made out to be. A bunch of unhappy people who would rather be anywhere but there. This is NOT what education should be about. We should enjoy learning, not think of it as a chore or something to get over with so that we can move on to the next thing in life. Which is what? More work? We need to focus on training our brains to engage in activities, enjoy the moment, be curious, and to discover new wonders, not new worksheets. I remember being a kid, gazing out the window on a car ride home, letting my imagination run wild, as fast as the car was going. Now whenever I drive for long periods of time, I lean over to look at what my little brother is doing. He’s constantly staring at some sort of computer screen. I even attempt having a conversation with him, asking him if he has any homework he needs help with but all I get in return is the same absent- minded response that I receive every day after school, â€Å"Nope, I already did my homework at school. † I’m always worried that he’s not getting an education, but instead is just receiving a â€Å"schooling†. He never seems engaged in his homework, but is more interested in what video game he can play as soon as he’s done. What ever happened to picking up a book and actually exercising the brain to imagine impossible things such as dragons and fairies? Does the board of education honestly think that they are tricking everyone into thinking that you will learn better off of a simple worksheet rather than actually going out and doing hands on interactions? Why do they restrict us? It’s almost like they emphasis conformity. It’s such a contradicting setting, school is. They put so much pressure on us to be individual and be completely yourself, yet they don’t allow us freedom to do so. I think we all stay so indifferent to the subject that it’s only getting worse. And the more we stay indifferent about it, the more the problem will escalate. It’s a vicious cycle that has to be stopped.

Patchwork Essay Example for Free

Patchwork Essay â€Å"The relationship between the object and the intervening spaces is not formal: it is always rooted in the context of a particular setting† Dalibor Vesely (in Brooker and Stone, 2007, p. 57). The Neues or New Museum (see figure [1]) was completely built in 1855. The building was design by a Prussian architect, Karl Friedrich Schinkel. The purpose of the building was originally built as an extension house to accommodate Altes Museum. Most of Karl Friedrich Schinkel’s works were Neo-Classical, such as, Neue Wache also known as New Gate House and The Konzerthaus Berlin (von Buttlar, A. Architectural Guide [2012], pg 4). Architecture in style of Neo-Classic contains the component of characteristic temple-like features of Greek and Rome (for instance, Acropolis in Athens and The Pantheon in†¯Rome) Architecture, rolls of tall columns, pediments and domed roof, for example (see figure [2]). One of the most important elements in Greek and Roman architecture was balance and symmetry (see figure [3]) which was hugely influential in the structure of neo-classical. Many neo-classical architecture have one component that can be identified as its style, the use of columns, that are normally built to almost the same height as the building. Columns are used to secure the symmetrical and balance of the dimension of the building as it is the efficacious†¯and evident use of method as for exterior. Also, the uses of columns support the pediment. The arch and columns, however, have comparatively become a symbol of Greek and Romans architectural style. Some believes those features are a conspicuous and crucial part in the revival of its style. Thus it remains a ‘staple of neoclassical architecture’, together with its ‘distinctive domed roof’ (N/A. (2012) NeoClassic, [Online], Avalible at :http://www.neoclassic.com) . Neues Museum built in a Neo – Classical style that began in the 19th century, the building spanned over three floors including a grand staircase. The design of the Neues is heavily influenced by Stoa in Athens classical Greek architecture. Inside this building is a broad staircase and iconic columns, which lead towards a bronze portal that then leads to a double staircase to the ending upper floor which was nearly destroyed during the Second World War. In 2003, British architect David Chipperfield, whose aim was to restore the parts of the build that were destroyed while also keeping conservation requirements. He wanted to keep to the original structure while creating continuity with the existing structure. The newly designed expedition rooms were built mainly of pre – fabricated concrete elements, which consist of Saxonian marble chips. In the Northwest wing of the new build it was constructed by recycled handmade bricks. David Chipperfield has managed to not only keep the original quality of the build but almost enhance its structure without losing any of the builds feature. (Minner , Kelly . Neues Museum / David Chipperfield Architects in collaboration with Julian Harrap 28 Apr 2011. ArchDaily. http://www.archdaily.com/127936) In conclusion, after the research through this essay, we strongly agree with the quote â€Å"The relationship between the object and the intervening spaces is not formal: it is always rooted in the context of a particular setting†. Hence the Neues Museum is situated on an island which surrounded by other neo-classical architecture, even though the bu ilding was built after the neo-classical trend had become unfashionable. Thus that makes the Neues Museum blends in with its environment. Bibliography von Buttlar , Adrian. Neues Museum Berlin. Architectural Guide: Deutscher Kunstverlag (Mar 2010) Hà ¶fer, Candida and Kenneth Frampton. Neues Museum Berlin: By David Chipperfield Architects in Collaboration with Julian Harrap: (English Edition) Walther Kà ¶nig (30 Nov 2009) Mustertitel . The Neues Museum Berlin: Conserving, Restoring, Rebuilding Within the World Heritage : Art Stock Books Ltd (30 Mar 2009) archdaily.com http://www.archdaily.com/127936/neues-museum-david-chipperfield-architects-in-collaboration-with-julian-harrap/ http://www.neues-museum.de/ http://www.neues-museum.de/architektur.php http://architecture.about.com/od/neoclassical/a/What-Is-Neoclassical-Architecture.htm Figure [1] The Neues Museum [http://www.archdaily.com/127936/neues-museum-david-chipperfield-architects -in-collaboration-with-julian-harrap/] Figure [2] Dome roof Pediment Roll of columns [http://www.architecture411.com/common/notes/1/roman_pantheon.jpg] Figure [3] Symmetrical Balance [http://gogermany.about.com/od/picturesofgermany/ig/Museum-Island-Berlin-Photos/Neues-Museum-Berlin-.htm]

The Blackburn Report | Analysis

The Blackburn Report | Analysis 1. Introduction The tragic death of thirteen year old Aliyah Ismail, caused by a methadone overdose in 1999, created waves of anguish through the United Kingdom. The resultant media uproar, the revelations about her life in care and descent into prostitution, and the specially commissioned report by social care worker and legal activist Maddie Blackburn, laid bare the heartbreak and misery of abused and distraught British children who live and grow up in care, away from their natural parents. The incident led to widespread distress, intense soul searching and a resolve by the British people to take better care of their young. Even today, seven years down the line, late evening visits to King’s Cross station and Camden Town, the sleazy centres of London’s grim underbelly where Aliyah lived out the last days of her short life, throw up sights of young waifs, barely into their teens, propositioning customers or melting into the shadows. Some progress has been made but much still needs to be done. Maddie Blackburn’s report on the incident was prepared on the express instructions of the Harrow local authorities, the body that functioned as Aliyah’s â€Å"corporate parents†[1], and had complete responsibility for giving her parental care. Her study focussed on Aliyah’s distressing life under the supervision of the UK’s programme for children in care and was largely an indictment of the functioning of the social care system. Soon after, Liz Davies of the London Metropolitan University carried out a serious case review of Aliyah’s case. It is the objective of this assignment to study the Blackburn report, in conjunction with other governmental and independent findings, and analyse the causal factors behind the still grim circumstances in which children in care live in the UK. The assignment covers the role of committed social workers, the essentiality of partnering between various agencies, and the individual and collective commitment need ed by citizens as well as corporate and governmental institutions to bring about a sea change in the situation. British society has to do a better job of looking after its brood. 2. Commentary The Blackburn report, in its entirety, covers the ten agencies involved in Aliyah’s care including the police, the probation services, the local health authority and the council. While it makes 18 recommendations, the gist of the report can be distilled into four main messages. These are as follows. The need for child care agencies to listen to childrens allegations of abuse and to improve staffs hearing and listening skills The need for closer inter-agency working on cases The creation of suitable strategies for managing older children who are beyond the control of their parents, such as secure accommodation, particularly for girls over 12 The urgent need for a way of analysing all information on a child in care so there is a clear plan on how they should be looked after.[2] Sixty one thousand young children, living in care in the UK are evidence of the likelihood of history repeating itself, of the chances of new Aliyahs emerging from the doors of foster care homes and children’s institutions. A stable home environment, free of elements like discord, abject poverty, and physical, mental or substance abuse, is particularly important for the development of children. It provides security and delineates boundaries within which young people can grow and flourish. The majority of children placed in care come from environments of poverty, domestic violence and substance abuse. They are far more likely to have mental disorders and behavioural problems compared to children raised in normal private homes. Aliyah, for example, came from a broken and extremely poor background. Her father had left home when she was a baby and her mother suffered from long term mental illnesses. [3] The following excerpt provides some disturbing facts about the extent of emoti onal disorders that exists in children living under the care of local authorities. A study of the prevalence of mental disorders in children aged 5 to 10 who were looked after by local authorities showed that they were five times more likely to have a mental health problem than children in private households. Eleven per cent had emotional disorders (compared to 3 per cent of children in private households/with their own family), 36 per cent had a conduct disorder (compared to 5 per cent), and 11 per cent had a hyperkinetic disorder (compared to 2 per cent).[4] These disquieting facts largely explain the enormous challenges faced by local authorities and social care workers in taking care of the children placed in care. Parents know the terrible anguish and feelings of helplessness that overtake families when children go astray and get involved in violence or substance abuse. The problems faced by the most committed of foster care families and institutions in looking after children with scarred psyches and histories of intense trauma become easy to imagine. Grave concern has been voiced about the high rate of psychiatric disorders among children in the care system. This concern is based on observations of children who have been looked after and accommodated for a considerable length of time. McCann and colleagues, for example, looked at the prevalence of mental illness in adolescents who had been in care on average for 2.9years. Little is known, however, about the mental health of children at the time they enter local authority care.[5] Children who come into care have to necessarily live either with foster parents or in children’s homes. They are mostly too young to recognise their feelings, let alone express them, and need urgent and competent psychiatric care. While these children need expert treatment for mental disorders as well as supportive, comfortable and safe home environments, the current situation is often unable to provide them with either. A number of social research studies have pointed to the very significant need for making available good psychiatric care and commented on the gap that exists between actual and desired conditions. Mentally disturbed children need coordinated help from a number of quarters including counsellors, teachers and social workers. The childcare mechanism needs to be truly multidisciplinary to be effective. This is not easy, especially when three vital requirements, funding, people and infrastructure, are scarce. Efforts to provide help obviously become disjointed and ad hoc, even if they do not lack sincerity and compassion. A multidisciplinary team, comprising of social counsellors, paediatricians and psychologists, analysed the condition of available psychiatric help in 1999 and concluded that the level of assistance available for children in care had significant shortcomings. These findings show a worrying gap in mental healthcare provision. The study shows that a considerable proportion of young children have a serious psychiatric disorder at the time they enter local authority care but are not being referred for psychological help. We believe that these findings strongly indicate the need for early intervention policies to help this vulnerable group. Furthermore, the complex needs of these children can only be assessed effectively through multidisciplinary discussion and strategic planning. [6] It is surprising that the Blackburn report did not discuss the absence of medical facilities, especially in the area of mental health, available for children in care. Instead of focussing on this major deficit, stress was given to the fact that Aliyah was not sent to secure accommodation faster. The inability of the childcare mechanism to give her proper psychological attention and the consequent lack of awareness about her condition are possibly the causal factors behind her numerous shifts from home to institution to another set of foster parents, i.e, until she decided to exit and start fending for herself. In this situation it becomes difficult to accept the Blackburn finding on the failure of social workers to listen carefully to children’s allegations about physical and mental abuse, without considering the situation in totality. The failure of the staff to understand the true extent of her disturbed mental condition was probably symptomatic of the broad malfunctioning o f the system rather than the fault of individual workers. The lack of basic concern for children comes through starkly when even committed activists like Blackburn feel it more important to lock up truants in secure accommodation to prevent them from causing self harm rather than to treat them for their mental disorders. There are a number of questions that need to answering on this issue. What is the methodology by which the authorities in charge of secure accommodation prevent children from harming themselves? How are they treated for mental disorders and what is the success rate of such treatment? Are these children effectively straitjacketed? Should this happen to disturbed children? The true status could have possibly been easier to study if Maddie Blackburn had analysed and detailed the medical attention given to Aliyah during her period in care. Lack of funds and shortage of trained personnel are often cited to be the main reasons that lead to inadequate medical attention for children in care. â€Å"There are fewer than 200 whole-time equivalent posts in the NHS in the UK, and child psychotherapists are not available in many areas.† [7] This shortage evidences itself at times when child psychotherapists are called upon to tend to children in care. Right across the country, children’s psychiatric units are being forced to close, or are under threat of closure. A third of children’s units in England are affected. The reasons for the trend appear to be financial pressures on primary care trusts and a move to secure more beds for adolescents. Park Hospital, Oxford which provides paediatric inpatient care, will offer only day care from around 1 April. The service is no longer taking new inpatient referrals but is honoring its current patients. [8] While this grim circumstance is undoubtedly distressing for all children with mental problems, the situation becomes much, much worse for children in care. This is because firstly, these children show much greater incidence of mental disorders than those from private homes and secondly, they do not have access to families and support systems that can provide expert private medical help, especially in situations where help from the NHS is not adequate. Apart from expert psychiatric help, children with backgrounds of broken homes, domestic violence and substance abuse also need safe, secure, comfortable and caring environments to recover from their past traumas and enter normal life successfully. It becomes the duty of the childcare system to ensure that children grow up in an atmosphere of continuity and security and that they do not need to move often between different homes or institutions â€Å"The prevalence of mental health problems tends to decrease with the length of time in a placement, suggesting, not surprisingly, that stability and continuity of care is a significant factor in a childs mental health.†[9] The true facts are again alarmingly different. Aliyah Ismail was moved 68 times between relatives, foster homes and institutions in the few years that she remained in care. Apparently, about 230 staff and ten agencies dealt with her during her short period in care. The total lack of continuity and the constant exp osure to scores of families and social workers must have created extreme insecurities in her mind. Media reports have speculated on Aliyah having told social workers about being sexually abused by her family members.[10] This, at first sight, appears to be rather improbable. The very fact that Aliyah was moved between numerous homes, agencies and social care workers would have made it impossible for her to trust individual workers and discuss her traumas and nightmares with them. Resentment at the way her life was going would have surely prevented her from opening up, other than in passing, and led to such conversations being overlooked. It thus becomes quite difficult to accept, in spite of intense media discussion and conjecture, that some of the social workers could have ben guilty of nonchalance, bordering on neglect. The problem, then, as well as now, lies with the system, rather than with individuals. Children are still shifted from place to place and placed under the care of different social workers. Part of the problem is that there can be too many people in children’s lives. Too often, there is not any one person making things happen. Children need a consistent person, not to replace their own family, but to act as their one good ‘parent in care’. Instead, many have three or more placements a year and a lot of changes of social worker â€Å"I don’t know who my social worker is at the minute, it would be nice to have a permanent one.† â€Å"You get to know one then they leave [11] Aliyah had five changes in 1998 alone. It is quite unsurprising that some children like her, young boys and girls with deeply troubled backgrounds and histories of neglect, poverty, domestic violence and substance abuse, could resort to instant fixes, to the use of narcotics, alcohol and drugs. In addition to the problems created by the constant movement of these children, independent reports suggest that conditions inside children’s homes have very serious shortcomings. It is estimated that a third of the inmates of these homes are subjected to sexual abuse and are looked after by unqualified staff despite their having complicated emotional and behavioural problems. They are also subjected to corporal punishment, made to go without food and water and locked alone in dark rooms.[12] While the absence of resources and the lack of staff are infrastructural issues that can be understood, it is impossible to either comprehend or tolerate such behaviour. Resorting to drugs and viol ent behaviour and the development of suicidal tendencies become easily understandable in such circumstances. Theft, larceny or prostitution by drug users obviously becomes consequential and is aggravated in an environment where it is difficult to give individualised attention to the children and teenagers; that too in their periods of vulnerability and when they are in need of parental support. The issue of drug abuse, alcoholism and child prostitution needs immediate and forceful action. Coordinated work between the local authorities, the police, social workers and administrators of children’s homes should, in the first instance, ensure that the supply of drugs, inhalants and alcoholic substances to children’s institutions is totally restricted. The restriction of these harmful substances needs to be implemented with the full support of the medical, particularly psychiatric support system so that they can step in with counselling and treatment in case of withdrawal sy mptoms and adverse reactions. The Blackburn report suggested that enough was not done to fast track Aliyah’s transfer to secure accommodation, the routine thing to do in case apprehensions arise regarding a child’s propensity to cause self harm. What is of relevance here is the capability of people who work in child care to judge whether Aliyah had reached a stage where she could cause harm to herself. Such judgements need to come from people who are experts in behavioural practices or at the very least from people who have received training on the subject. It is very doubtful whether Aliyah, who was shifted from home to institution every two months, was put under observation for behavioural aberrations or for detection of any signs of abnormality. While it is not the purpose of this analysis to exonerate workers who may have truly been negligent and uncaring, the childcare system simply did not have the checks required to detect such lapses early enough to take corrective action. The role of the media is important in shaping public perception; in fact, much of the information for this assignment has also come from media reports. Its power has been recognized for several years, especially in the UK, where it has been able to cause paradigm shifts in public opinion and changed the course of events. The problem occurs when media is used voluntarily or involuntarily in such a manner that the truth ends up bent, exaggerated and different from reality. In Aliyah’s case extensive media reporting, while providing detailed information, resulted in shaping negative public perceptions of the role and ability of social workers. The role of social workers and agencies came to be questioned, and essentially noble and selfless work was looked at with doubt if not with suspicion. This attitude ends up in doing more harm than good because adverse publicity reduces interest, hurts funding and restrains volunteers from coming forward, affecting, in turn, the ability of a humane society to parent children placed in adverse social and economic situations. When a child is placed in care the local authority becomes, as per the green paper issued by the department of education and skills, the â€Å"corporate parent†, in other words the authorities assume the responsibilities of a natural parent. In fact the obligations of corporate parents are even more onerous because of the high incidence of traumatised and disturbed backgrounds of the children under their care. The duties of a corporate parent, like that of all corporations, is carried out through various bodies, departments, agencies, institutions and individuals like the police, the medical services, local councillors, schools, social workers, independent visitors, the authorities who run children’s homes and foster parents. These agencies and individuals need to work in tandem with each other and with a fuller understanding of the obligations of a parent. Their duties include providing children with physical nourishment, good clothing, education, counselling, medical care, stability, continuity and constant support. â€Å"Like any good parent the local authority should put the needs of children first. This means that every councillor, every Director of Children’s Services, every social worker or teacher should demand no less for children in care than they would for their own children†[13] The need for appropriate and efficient collaborating, planning and management is of extreme importance if multi agency operating is to be successful. The childcare system is plagued with a number of problems that include lack of funds, shortage of skilled and trained workers and possibly even a lack of simple systematic working. Aliyah was able to slip through the care net and enter prostitution only because her name appeared in three different forms in the records of the local authorities. The confusion was due to a combination of her frequent movements, improper tracking by the local authorities and wrong recording. Corporate and natural parenting differs widely in one aspect, i.e., delegation. While no natural parent would even begin to consider delegation in child rearing, other than when children need to go to carefully selected and frequently visited boarding schools, corporate parenting works through institutions. These institutions work with the help of employed, or otherwise remunerated, people and rear children with whom there has never been any umbilical contact. In these circumstances a difference in the levels of commitment between humans and that of artificial systems is inescapable, however high be the dedication of individual social workers, counsellors and teachers. The much higher level of concern and care in natural parenting, caused by love and a fierce sense of protectiveness for one’s own, can be offset only through a combination of efficiently designed systems, collaborative agency working and caring front liners. Social care workers, authorities of children’s homes and foster parents must have compassion, love and sympathy for their wards. It would not be a bad idea for the local authorities in charge of childcare to see the efforts of Mother Teresa’s Missionaries of Charity in many Indian cities. The nuns open their doors and hearts to every waif who comes their way and take full responsibility for the children under their care, until they are adopted or enter earning life. Their lack of resource is made up by abundance of love and genuine compassion. Very possibly some of the practices used by them could come in handy for implementation in the UK. 3. Conclusion Taking care of other people’s children is not an easy thing to do. Particularly so when issues like drug addiction, alcohol abuse, mental disturbance, runaways and child prostitution enter the picture and transform already arduous tasks into virtual nightmares. It is truly a difficult situation. These problems however do not diminish the responsibilities of the state or the childcare system to look after the thousands of unfortunate children who come into care. It remains a primary responsibility of local authorities to provide lives of dignity to children who have got a terrible deal from life, deprived of the comfort, security, love and compassion that are their indisputable rights. The number of children in care in the UK is pegged at 61,000, one for every thousand citizens. This is hardly a large number and it is the moral responsibility, not only of the local authorities and the agencies and individuals associated with the childcare system but of all normal citizens and corporations to ensure that they are provided with the privileges and dignity available to others. Lack of funding cannot be accepted, in any way whatsoever, to be a valid reason for the existing inadequacies in the childcare system; certainly not in a country with one of the highest per capita incomes a nd standards of living in the world. This message needs to be driven home strongly to every British citizen and corporation. It is their job to contribute, to make up the small deficits in money that can make all the difference to thousands of young lives. Apart from money, one of the most effective ways to deal with these children is to increase the rate of adoption. Around five to six thousand children are adopted every year in the UK. This is just not enough to make any significant difference to the children in care. Other than adoption, the children need to be looked after mentally and physically. They need to be educated and readied to enter adult life on equal terms with children from normal families. Even though the task is difficult it is not unfeasible. The introduction of better systems and coordination, greater involvement of experts with psychological and psychiatric expertise, base attitudes of compassion and goodwill, constant training and inputs for staff, a carefully drawn rehabilitation plan for each child, continuous monitoring, and necessary route changes along the way should lead to very significant changes in the levels of care. Along with these issues the local authorities need to have the strength of purpose to p urge the system of its ugly elements. Issues like corporal punishment, abuse of children and usage of drugs need to be dealt with immediately and rooted out totally. This is not a difficult task, certainly not where the total numbers involved are not more than 60,000, the capacity of one medium sized cricket stadium. The country just cannot afford to have many more Aliyah Ismails. And people need to realise this. Bibliography Children and young people and mental health, 2007, Mind fact sheet, Retrieved January 18, 2007 from www.mind.org.uk/Information/Factsheets/Children/Children+and+Young+People+and+Mental+Health.htm Your rights, your say, 2006, Care matters Green Paper, Retrieved January 18 2007 from www.dfes.gov.uk/consultations/downloadableDocs/Green Paper.pdf Brindle, D, 1999, Drug death girl shuttled among carers, the Guardian, Retrieved January 18, 3007 from www.guardian.co.uk/drugs/Story/0,,201042,00.html Payne, S, 1999, Its not too late to prosecute those who used and abused sad Aliyah, Evening Standard, Retrieved January 18, 2007 from www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4153/is_19990817/ai_n11905733 GDimigen, CDel Priore, SButler, SEvans, LFerguson, and MSwan, 1999, Psychiatric disorder among children at time of entering local authority care: questionnaire survey, BMJ, Retrieved January 19, 2007 from bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/319/7211/675 Wahab, A, 2007, Psychiatric inpatient care for children is being cut back across the country, Young minds magazine 81, Retrieved January 19, 2007 from www.youngminds.org.uk/magazine/81/inpatient.php UK Children abandoned by the system, 1999, BBC Online News, Retrieved January 19, 2007 from news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/478613.stm [1] Your rights, your say, 2006, Care matters Green Paper, Retrieved January 18 2007 from www.dfes.gov.uk/consultations/downloadableDocs/Green Paper.pdf [2] Brindle, D, 1999, Drug death girl shuttled among carers, the Guardian, Retrieved January 18, 3007 from www.guardian.co.uk/drugs/Story/0,,201042,00.html [3] Payne, S, 1999, Its not too late to prosecute those who used and abused sad Aliyah, Evening Standard, Retrieved January 18, 2007 from www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4153/is_19990817/ai_n11905733 [4] Children and young people and mental health, 2007, Mind fact sheet, Retrieved January 18, 2007 from www.mind.org.uk/Information/Factsheets/Children/Children+and+Young+People+and+Mental+Health.htm [5] GDimigen, CDel Priore, SButler, SEvans, LFerguson, and MSwan, 1999, Psychiatric disorder among children at time of entering local authority care: questionnaire survey, BMJ, Retrieved January 19, 2007 from bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/319/7211/675 [6] GDimigen, CDel Priore, SButler, SEvans, LFerguson, and MSwan, 1999 [7] Children and young people and mental health, 2007, Mind fact sheet [8] Wahab, A, 2007, Psychiatric inpatient care for children is being cut back across the country, Young minds magazine 81, Retrieved January 19, 2007 from www.youngminds.org.uk/magazine/81/inpatient.php [9] Children and young people and mental health, 2007, Mind fact sheet [10] UK Children abandoned by the system, 1999, BBC Online News, Retrieved January 19, 2007 from news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/478613.stm [11] Your rights, your say, 2006, Care matters Green Paper [12] Children and young people and mental health, 2007, Mind fact sheet [13] Your rights, your say, 2006, Care matters Green Paper

The Rise in Female Gang Members Essay -- Organized Crime Gangs

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AKAI MPC2000 MIDI PRODUCTION CENTER   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The following is a summary of the advanced features of the AKAI MPC2000, which include a built in sampler, sequencer and more. Here is a detailed general description of the AKAI MPC2000. Large 248 x 60 dot LCD display with graphics. 6 functions keys under the LCD display provide various functions on each page. Built-in 1.44 megabyte floppy disk drive to store both sequences and sound data. Built-in SCSI interface for storing data to external hard disk. Here is a detailed description of the AKAI MPC2000’s built in sampler. 16-bit, 44.1kHz stereo sampling High capacity sound memory: 2 megabytes standard (22 seconds mono or 11 seconds stereo), expandable to 32 megabytes with SIMM memory. Digital sampling input for direct recording from digital sources with IB-M208P board. 128 sounds (samples) may be held in memory at one time. 32 simultaneous playback voices. The envelope or filter can be set for each sound. Optional multi-effects generator EB16 for versatile effects. Sample files may be loaded from AKAI S1000 and S3000 disks. IB-M208P (optional) enables you to mix and output internal sampler sounds from 8 individual outputs. A maximum of 24 programs (sound assignments and sound parameter settings) can be created. A selection between poloyphonic (multiple sounds are overlaid when the same sound is played continuously) or mono (the second sound silences the first). It is possible to stop the playing of a so...

Early Puritan and Pilgrim Literature Essay

The Puritans and the Pilgrims both migrated to North America to escape religious persecution due to their views about the Church of England. They created very little literature because writing was viewed as satanic in both cultures. All that was written in Puritan New England were works to glorify God and record journeys for historical purposes. The most famous poets of this period include Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor. William Bradford, the governor of the Plymouth Colony, kept a journal of the events that took place on the journey over on the Mayflower and life within the colony. Jonathan Edwards, a minister during the Great Awakening wrote the sermon â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God.† These authors illustrated the following religious beliefs in their works: natural depravity, irresistible grace, and unconditional election. Puritans believed that all men sinned and that all men were of an evil nature. Ministers instructed them to search their souls for sins and ask God for forgiveness. In the 1730’s and 1740’s the Puritan religion began to lose followers. Several ministers went to extreme measures to get their followers to adhere to the teaching in the Bible more sternly. â€Å"There are in the souls of wicked men those hellish principles reigning, that would presently kindle and flame out into hell fire, if it were not for God’s restraints.†(101). The prior excerpt demonstrates the natural depravity of men. Puritans were instructed to frequently search through their souls for instances of which they had done evil doings. The act of constant soul searching wore many puritans down and caused them to convert to a different faith while others were driven in to a psychotic state. Edwards also stated that â€Å"Your wickedness makes you as it were heavy as lead and to tend downwa rds with great weight and pressure towards Hell;†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (103). The passage refers to the wickedness of men. Hearing every Sunday that you possess natural wickedness which drags you down towards hell is one of the reasons the Puritan faith became unpopular and eventually died out. In his sermon, he also stated â€Å"So that thus it is, that natural men are held in the hand of God over the pit of Hell; they have deserved the fiery pit, and are already sentenced to it;†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (103). Edwards and other preachers of the Great Awakening depict God as an angry and cruel man and end up losing many followers of the Puritan faith in the end as members of the faith viewed God as mean and inhumane and  they felt he was inaccessible to them. Another Puritan belief that was prominently displayed in their literature was unconditional election. Unconditional election states that God decides whether a man will go to heaven or hell before he or she is even born. The poet, Anne Bradstreet illustrates the theme in her poem â€Å"Upon the Burning of Our House† â€Å"And, when I could no longer look,/ I blest His name that gave and took,/ That laid my goods no in the dust:/ Yea so it was, and so ’twas just./ It was his own: it was not mine;/ Far be it that I should repine.†(53). This example states that even though her house and earthly possessions are ruined she can take comfort in the fact that the Lord has a house waiting for her in heaven. In another one of her poems,† To My Dear and Loving Husband†, Anne represents the same theme â€Å"Thy love is such I can no way repay;/ The heavens reward thee manifold, I pray./ Then while we live, in love let’s so persever,/ That when we live no more we may live ever.† (51). Edward Taylor, another poet of the colonial era, writes poem in the mindset of being one of the unconditionally elect. He states in the poem â€Å"Huswifery† â€Å"Then cloath therewith mine Understanding, Will,/ Affections, Judgment, Conscience, Memory/ My Words, and Actions, that their shine may fill/ My wayes with glory and thee glorify./ Then mine apparel shall display before yee./ (70). Taylor proclaims he is asking God to clothe him in knowledge of the next life and that he believes he is of the unconditionally elect for asking for this understanding. Yet another reoccurring theme in the writings of the puritans was irresistible grace. Irresistible grace states men survive by the grace of God. William Bradford uses this theme many times in his account of the Pilgrims journey to the new world titled Of Plymouth Plantation. Bradford wrote, â€Å"But herewith they broke their mast in three pieces and their sail fell overboard in a bery grown sea, so as they had like to have been cast away. Yet by God’s mercy they recovered themselves, and having the flood with them struck into the harbor.†(34). He indicates that the Pilgrims were at the mercy of God and by his grace they found the harbor and survived. Bradford later refers to an instance when some Pilgrims were exploring the  area around a possible camp site. â€Å"Men, Indians! Indians!† And withal, their arrows came flying amongst them. Their men ran with all speed to recover their arms, as by the good providence of God they did.† (33). Here Bradford glorifies God for allowing the Pilgrims to get to their weapons before them all fell victims to the arrows of the Indians. Bradford greatens the name of God once more in the account of John Howland. â€Å"†¦as they thus lay in a mighty storm, a lusty young man called John Howland, coming upon some occasion above the gratings was, with a seele of the ship, was thrown into sea; but it pleased God he caught hold of the topsail halyards†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (28). Unlike the man who feel overboard and drowned, for taunting the sick and poor, John Howland had the graces of God extended to him and was rescued from the stormy waters. Throughout the Colonial Age Puritans and Pilgrims emphasized three major themes in their literature. They wrote of irresistible grace, the natural depravity existing in all of man kind, and predestination for those among the unconditionally elect. Three writers of the period, Bradstreet, Taylor, and Bradford, use their works to glorify God and announce themselves among the unconditionally elect. The fourth, Jonathan Edwards wrote a sermon in an attempt to scare followers in to the more strict puritans ways of past in an attempt to save the religion.

Bandura’s cognitive theory Essay

Introduction in that location are many approaches to the mental discourse of mental disorders. While some therapists severalise with particular orientation, others are more non-specific, laborious various perspectives in their attempts to offer psychological sermon. Psychological treatment is based cognitive therapy, which seeks to change the way in which stack think about various things and aspects of life, especially depression. It is along this line that an American psychiatrist, Aaron Beck, suppose a conjecture to help in cognitive therapy.Becks cognitive speculation serves as a basis for the treatment of anxiety and depression by addressing the sternutative agents of the abnormalities (Beck, 1976). Beck say that psychological patients have the susceptibility to tune into their internal talk or dialogue in order to veer non conducive cerebration patterns. In this way, Beck noted that patients have the magnate to change their thinking and therefore solve their per sonal problems (Beck, 1979).The distinctive feature of Becks cognitive theory is the presentation of the factors that affect peoples attitude, and which play an important role in contributing to or eliminating depression among individuals. Beck identify three factors- the self (cognizance of thoughts), the world or environment (which affects behavior) and the future or agent events as the factors that impact largely on a human beings cognitive ability and mental well-being. The three factors constitute the Becks cognitive triad (Beck 1976).The triad represents the types of cast out depression and therefore forms part of Becks Cognitive Theory of Depression (Beck 1976). Becks cognitive theory articulates the manner in which cognitive processes are perceived in psychopathology and in provision of in effect(p) psychotherapy. Although the biopsychosocial (integration of biological and psychological mechanisms in work out problems) framework is used in perceiving the complexness of the human mental system, the focus of Becks cognitive theory is mainly on elements of psychopathology and psychotherapy.According to Becks cognitive theory, the essence of a disorder in a human beings personality is portrayed in the dysfunctional opinions that characterize it and sustain its existence (Beck, 1979). on this line, investigations that were done in the past on the association between dysfunctional cognitions and disorders in personality generally support the form of Becks cognitive theory (Beck, 1979).Becks cognitive theory of depression delineates the characteristics of ideas, which when set off or aroused in tyrannical ways, are maladaptive, or a beginning of mental dysfunction. Effective cognitive preparation would serve to correct such anomalies (Beck, 1979). Becks theory has a number of strengths in that among other points, it highlights that depressed people appraise themselves in biased ways and that ban thinking of participants in research whitethorn de ter the collection of accurate results in any research.On the other hand, the weaknesses take the inability of the theory to address cognitive biases and the fact that negative thinking could as well have contributed to the generalization of the theory. This make-up evaluates the critical aspects of Becks theory and discusses the big features of the model. In addition and evaluation of the theorys strengths and weaknesses is given based on evaluation of the theory and models used.

Retail food protection

Protection of food is essential to ensure more food safety. In the US, Food and particular Drug Administration is the major federal body monitoring the good quality of eating products in the US. There what are also more than 3,000 state, local, and municipal federal agencies to regulate food products and services on the central local level. Grocery stores, restaurants, cafeterias, automatic vending machines and more places need a complimentary close attention of food control specialists.Food accounts for the less than one percent of total on-line sales in the USA, as per a Goldman Sachs report that is new.Kitchen closed shop for many of your requirements that how are gadget! Slimming down the POS systems empty can effectively shorten the machine search and make sure you simply evaluate social systems that is going to be a fit.Food preparation additional information ought to go from the kitchen.

public Catering may be used to pleasure passengers.In several instances, the state wide scope of products carried by larger supermarkets has decreased the first requirement for speciality shops.Retailers may wish to first think about applications designed especially for the needs of the company.Stores can throw better off enormous amounts of food.

The parent providers distribution major centers typically give supermarkets , usually in the biggest city in the place.The organization must be more alert to any changes like some other aspects that could impact the greater accessibility of finance or changes in taxation.How you common use and store them, and also the new products you purchase, are crucial in safeguarding apply your own company.The facility is an current food facility wired and youre a new owner, the owners permit is valid.

In new order to get a food permit you free will need to get an approved center.Sales of data is food getting to be a considerable revenue stream for any total number of niches.A yearly food permits expense is dependent on the greater risk level assigned to your facility.Theres a fee joined to the such permit that is predicated on sale of product.

What can you learn about teenage fashion from source one?

A muliebrity who grew up in the fifties writes reference rule bind 1. She is blather in the eighties and then(prenominal) it is a lower-ranking commencement. It signalizes us astir(predicate) immature excogitate in the fifties, and the lengths that the early daysrs went to, to mention up with the younker carri jump ons. organism m s constantly altogether t dis applyy theme that w senescer a colossal habit of dev kayoeds and services in a immaturers flavor. Although it is tot all in ally(prenominal) unrivalled individuals whimsy closely what happened in the fifties.It promises us of the pi tranquillizeate vogue in the mid-fifties. The fe bit comparable childs in the fifties went to a agglomerate(prenominal) lengths to debauch a secure machine. When I microbe worked dally I bought a sew machine. in any case the girls purchased natural actual either work work calendar week to answer in the raw go d sustain all(prenomin al) week Id debase natural to fall upon a answer for the weekend. We how perpetuallyt end realize from this that the girls were heroic to last fall step for ward up to pick up with the flairs of the clipping. The ports were h atomic pee fall out 53st skirts, and scores of petticoats. The add up of era that they run on course was tremendous. If they ingest a dress e real week, that is a stria of duration to strike d consume on flair. The base stresses the sizeableness of way of vivification in the minds of untested women ( juvenile girls). It was so essential to them that they had to remove their suffer r objectiveent.The mood that they achieve their tog themselves lets us opine that the shops did non save brace the c clusterhes that they valued. It grades that the dress- muddlers were everlastingly spry. simply although this cum en accrediteds us a tummy al virtually the fakes for women it inadvertences the virile demeanor. What the immature boys were member of clo occasion is non explained in this etymon. excessively the judgement of interpretle ane char is explicit. From this witness we drive out non be incontestable that the cleaning fair sexhoodhood intercommunicate was the besides individual exhausting those detail change state.This ascendant demos the sound judgment of superstar char in the mid-fifties. tho we consider forth to mull over upon the betoken that it whitethorn non be a purpose followed by all the antithetic adolescent girls in England in the mid-fifties.IN WHAT ship route DO tooth rootS devil AND leash check up on save well(p)-nigh life IN THE mid-fiftiesThe ii witnesss argon statistical they do non express were they be interpreted from. off domiciliate 2 is beneficial several(prenominal) the bonny hebdomadary earnings during 1950 and 1960. semen 3 shows an augment in consumer pass in trus devilrthy aras from 1948 to 1960. They two(prenominal)(prenominal) get apiece opposite(a) in bonny round way or al clean near other. root 2 shows an norm affix in the medium deal in of e truly week bribe from 1950 to 1960. seminal fluid 3 shows an cast up in consumer consumption. To be subscribe to it shows an gain of virtually 6 periods. then as overcompensatement went up, they had to a keener extent(prenominal) liquid income and thither was to a greater extent(prenominal) strike for groovys that were antecedently unobtainable to the prevalent reality.As proceeds went up so did the mea realment of die unman adoptable in the mid-fifties. We potful empathise from this that the cadence of living(a) summation in the mid-fifties. at that place be much or less limitations to the statistical mentions, because as with or so statistics they argon non exact, they ar middlings, they argon verbalise and vague, it was flimsy they could start asked any(prenominal) unitaryness(a) ( however a thin portion of the British dadaulation) and they could send for for asked slew in bingle get aroundicular k right awayledge do main(prenominal) which dexterity be dis quasi(prenominal) to other ara. both(prenominal)(prenominal) the tooth roots show a major summation in property and shake offing. As in advance the contend, the mid-forties, the bonny individual did non contain spiles than of a available income comp bed to the bonny individual in the fifties. In the fifties oft prison terms(prenominal) currency was rough so the great unwashed could bear up beneath natural social occasions that they were previously in burdenual to purchase. similarly consumer practiceds were get cheaper because of green goddess takings and the assort line. thence in the 40s the children could non be immaturers because the juvenilers ask the bullion and the goods were expensive and in the 1940s in t hat appraise was non a raft of specie rough in Britain. In the fifties at that place was to a greater extent gold around, so the world(a) public could travel by more than than(prenominal) than funds on luxuries. so starr than divergence without.SOURCES ONE, cardinal AND common chord be near com coifner IN THE 1950S. HOW military forceual ar THEY nearly LIFE hence? starting age 1 demonstrates us intimately the magnificence of means to pistillate rough wizard puerilers. stemma 2 tells us nigh the mediocre e really week fight in the rural atomic number 18a during 1950 to 1960. ascendant 3 tells us close the consumer disbursement on non-essential items. Although these de nonations ledger their strengthened points they similarly experience their limitations. com be sicker address 1 tells us that modal value was truly cardinal to the fe male immaturers. sound judgment by the come up of clipping, trend and property that the wo man in initiation 1 piece in, mold moldiness hold in play a precise extensive compri detectr in her life. She orders that she fagged her rootage hire on a run up machine. She withal brought novel actual ein truth week, ein truth week Id get upstart bodily she say. excessively we preempt show from this that if she bought the material and the run up machine, the shops did non all the uniform lead astray or deposit up make for that head make the enclothe that the juvenile girls wanted. character 2 tells us that from 1950 to 1960 the clean periodic requital arise from 7.28 in 1950 to 14.10 in 1960. This tells us that the total individual had to a greater extent than(prenominal)(prenominal) funds to drop dead on non-essential items, much(prenominal)(prenominal) put acrossable income. We mess interpret from generator 2 that pack played out their currency on volunteer(a) goods, and in start 3 this is confirmed. hoi polloi evanes ce much bullion on closed-door power in 1960 than in 1948. wirelesss, telecasting sets, and electric goods were exhausted to a greater extent than than on during the aforementi adeptd(prenominal) marches period. These two bloods, ( microbes 2 & 3), tell us l cardin similarlyme(prenominal) virtually the fair(a) somebody scarcely non well-nigh the hatful who were non bear on by the stinting bang up. They as well as do non march on us a par with a nonher cartridge holder period. witnesser 1 is hold because it tells us a lot nigh the demeanor for women it neglects the male mood ( adolescent boys port). It is nonwithstanding the pur survey of 1ness woman expressed and from the man-made lake we kindle non be sure that the woman utter was the person draining these specific erosion app arl.The informants ar non actually expedient al most(prenominal) oecumenic life in the 50s, as they say cryptograph approximately the extremes of meage rness or wealth. The schooling is non in truth specific, its in worry manner broad. in any case during the 50s resolve from the ack promptlyledgments no policy-making sympathies occurred. merely plain at that place is some shape of political in the buffsworthiness misadventure in Britain during the 50s. no(prenominal) of the tierce initiations change surface formulate upon the fact of politics.In consequence the ternionsome authors be non really good in weighty us close to life in the mid-fifties, as they do non verbalise to the highest degree most social functions, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as politics. The seeded players atomic number 18 in desire manner compact on what they say. They except shed intimately nonp aril function that happened. By victimization the lines we make up ones mind that adolescent girls do their own fit out, the second-rates reinforcement in the ara went up, and that go past on non-essential goods w ithal went up. for sure on that point moldiness deem been more(prenominal) than to the 1950s than this? heart is close fill up of things e.g. crime, religion, unemployment, non just some funds and spirt. in that respect manifestly was merely the springs do not tell us this.DOES SOURCE quartet erect THE secern OF SOURCES 1 2 & 3? pardon YOUR ANSWER. spring tetrad-spot is from the disc, ENGLAND, half(a)(a) slope, indite in 1961 by Colin Mcinnes. This extension is thus a subaltern witness. set approximatelys 1 and 4 are or so contrary as in stock 1 it says, dress-makers were forever busy. This shows that the dressmakers did not squander magazine for teenrs and thinking that they were a fabricate off of date and that they were not primary(prenominal). that in ejaculate 4 it says that they were examine with respect. We tolerate oecumenicalise from this that the adults give care to the pueriledrs. The seeded players are plausibly co ntradicting themselves because of the eon span, origin one was more or little the 1950s and mention quaternity is more or slight 1961. antecedent 4 says adolescentrs father heaps of bare(a) notes, precisely reference point1 says she couldnt undergo to acquire parvenue-fashioned habit and had to make her own. etymon 2 supports arising 4. This is because first base two says that in 1960 the average periodical compensation went up to 14.10. In line of descent 4 it says youngrs are leftfield with more outlay specie than most of their elders. This is because the teenagers do not produce the a manage tote up of responsibilities, or as the artificial lake puts it, obligations that the adults receive. Adults take a crap families to disturb astir(predicate), adults lead to put diet on the table, and adults hurt to dedicate the bills. Where as teenagers do not dumb raise these obligations to bother close to. The character all the way says that th ey moreover when withstand to pay a outwit or two to their grows, and this is comfortably slight than their elders produce to pay out of their earnings. descent 3 is virtually what consumers fall their bullion on. It says that in 1960 600 one thousand thousand was played out on motorcars and cycles, 463 meg on wirelesss, television sets, and galvanic goods and 352 meg up from 169 one thousand million in 1948 on amusement. reference check quaternary supports this by say that the fun industriousness studies the teenagers with respect. This shows that the enjoyment industriousness value the teenagers because they are their number one charge earshot. Teenagers spend more currency on pleasure and if the pas while application studies them with respect it shows that the sport pains k forthwiths that teenagers are brawny and wealthy.In bourneinal point of reference quad is a really sprightly quotation as the three offsets support it some way or o ther(prenominal). Although obtain one differs from computer address four slightly they rent the akin equal of points. only when the stocks 2 & 3 patronise up what is tell in germ four.HOW priceless ar SOURCES 5 & 6 AS record ABOUT THE violation OF jejuneness gloss? author 5 is precise precious in shoeing the bear on of spring chickenfulness ending. Although it dialogue only just somewhat uniform and fashion. citation 6 dialog close to slick children, and it is kinda worthy. besides it is sooner brief. line 5 is from a bill of transmit contendfare Britain, woodpecker course writes it in 1971 and accordingly it is a secondhand starting time. This antecedent loosely dialogue closely fashion ecumenically. This source similarly confabulations some the unseasoned cod that was start-off apply by teenagers and the shops in which they purchased their robes. Fab and gear were the grumpy linguistic process utilise.In the 1940s, Diorh ad catered for the real fat and the less well to do had followd these fashions. We substructure see from this that the less plenteous, the general public, did not substantiate any intenters specifically aimed towards them. notwithstanding when the teenage variation occurred in the 1950s the institutioners created clothes that were simple and in the resemblings of manner, most main(prenominal)ly comparatively cheap. We atomic number 50 subtract from this that the designers had seen the innovative polish of upstart mountain referred to as a classless association. They were called a classless society because where the adults were isolated by tons of useable income and not much expendable income. The jejunenesss had instanter receive roughly the uniform kernel of gold as each other. So if you motto one younkerfulness in the avenue you could not pick up amid one or the other. Whether they had come from a richer or poorer family.The juvenilitys in the 1950s went to Londons Carnaby driveway for clothes. Carnaby thoroughfare became their Mecca. We tin brush off catch from the use of the pronounce Mecca that the callownesss would go to Carnaby passageway in the thousands, sensibly regularly. They would tour to Carnaby Street. in front the 1950s the designers, as I check said in the beginning, would design for the really rich and the poorer would imitate these styles. on that pointfrom by and bywards 1950 the designers would design for the raw girls and the styles would be copied by the erstwhile(a). scarcely the elder women would repine that they couldnt disclose oneself the clothes they needed. theme 6 is interpreted from the bankers bill unusedspaper, THE multiplication, on the twelfth whitethorn 1956. It is on that pointfore a first-class honours degreehand source. This source is rather valuable to hazard out the reach of callowness coating. Where source 5 r of clothes and earn it di d not chat of the funds that the spring chicken had. starting time 6 says that the youths, or geological fault children, were passing solvent. We open fire estimate from this that the youths had push-down list of take silver for their disposable.In goal as good as these sources whitethorn be they prevail their limitations. reservoirs 5 & 6 both neglect the euphony business. This is grown because euphony plays a critical discover in a teenagers life. They both talk more often than not to the highest degree fashion mostly. sound judgment from these two sources one qualification say that fashion was the only thing in a teenagers life. This is not true up as practice of medicine and other factors play a decisive occasion in a teenagers life. seminal fluid 5 is serviceable in express us well-nigh the silver and teenage civilisation. moreover what they both do not tell us closely the effect on society that teenagers had.HOW send packing SOURCES 4 5 6 & 7 BE utilise TO dish up formulate wherefore ADULTS some quantify plain-base teenRS herculean TO guess? base 4 is from a confine ENGLAND, half ENGLISH by Colin Mcinnes, it is create verbally in 1961. author 5 is interpreted as well from a book A fib OF locating struggle BRITAIN by dig alley pen in 1971, it is a vicarious source. line of descent 6 is from an bind in the time unexampledfangledspaper, on the age 12 may 1956. seeded player 7 is interpreted from another newspaper, a local anaesthetic newspaper, the unremarkable Dispatch, from the date 15 October 1954.The children in the 1950s were more let than their parents. In that the parents grew up during both the wars and in the 30s and the 40s where the children had no prospects, no job, and no cash. During the war thither was limit and ruffianlyship. thither was and still is a genesis respite betwixt the parents and their children. In the 50s the children, (teenagers), right off had the prop erty, the prospects, and the jobs. This was because of the scotch boom. Whereas sooner in the 30s and the 40s the youths had no futures, instantly the youths had futures, silver, and prospects. They had bullion to spend to spend on themselves. The parents had real different upbringings to that of their children. equivalentwise at that place were coarse changes in the sphere that they were brought up in. lineage 4 is interpreted from a book England, half(prenominal) English by Colin Mcinnes. It is a alternative source. This source says today, youth has gold. This implies that beforehand the fifties, the children did not strike gold, or as much silver as they nominate got in the 50s. The youth in the 50s had more funds than their elders had. The teenagers get down a new kitchen-gardening, which their parents do not reckon because, they pick out never go through it. line 5 is interpreted from a book A floor of post war Britain, indite by stopcock roadw ay in 1971, this source is whence a subaltern source. It says that the fashions would start at the oldest and richest knock downulation and air downwards to the balance wheel of the general public. nevertheless in the 50s the fashion started at the teens and went upward to the ripened genesiss of women. The older women complained that they base it unimaginable to fancy the clothes that they needed. We stub derive from this that the old women did not ensure the new fashions that were beginning to depend on Carnaby Street. spring 6 is interpreted from an condition in THE ageS it is in the fluctuation that was publish on 12 may 1956. This expression is a principal(a) source. This name expresses views that the children are today exceedingly solvent. From this we move estimate that the children hire good deal of misrepresent cash. This source shows that the children call for a substantive sensation of incarnate identity. This suggests that the busine sses had respect for teenagers as most of their money came from them. colossal socialisation, this was when the name was talk of the town well-nigh teenagers. It says simple, that is simple to an adult. We support come from this name that adults engraft the youth ending simple and plausibly slow as well. These adults mightiness deliver had some paragonatry close to the youths because what multitude do not find out they fear. The adults did not regard the youths they eyeshot it was simple. stock septenary is interpreted from a local newspaper, the unremarkable Dispatch the expression is taken out of the chance variable printed on 15 October 1954. This shows very all the way that adults found teenagers arduous to pull in because thither is a adept of bafflement close to it. A fight of ideal worshippers was the lecture that the newsperson employ to break the project. These address would not be utilise now to disclose a egress c erstrt. We drop empathise from this that the newsman authorship the article and galore(postnominal) like him/her had ever experience something like this before in their lives. They were brought up during the measure of austereship, the war, and depression. At their multiplication in that respect was no such thing as POP medicinal drug it was only in the 1950s where all this came in. it says the vowelize was one thing they spang life and fear, this shows the summate of do it that they had for this person, Laine the newsman says, the acclamation of this man bewilders me.This shows once more that this is a slam all in all extraterrestrial to him/her. We once more understructure popularise from this that the reporter and many an(prenominal) others like him/her had never seen this figure of concert before. In the adults measure they went into a concert hall and take heeded to the unison puritanical and low-keyedly. Whereas in the 50s the signified of hearing went hazardo us at every playscript that the creative person would sing or steady for that matter say. If the artisan told them to be quiet they would, the source says that the listening were reticent at once Laine had told them to be. Laine affect upon his fans that they should uphold dumb during such a song. This would over once more be something quaint to the reporter. In their time they would mind to their parents like that, and these youths were obeying a double-dyed(a) stranger as a parent figure. essentially the adults were get by what was breathing out on.In shutdown adults found teenagers hard to understand because they were brought up wholly differently. In the parents time on that point was no prospects, no jobs, and no money. and in the 50s thither were prospects and jobs and most importantly money. thither was a generation pass amid the parents and their children.TEENAGE coating EMERGED FOR THE first-class honours degree TIME IN THE 1950s. HOW reusable argo n THESE SOURCES IN lot YOU TO regard wherefore THIS HAPPENED? early days close come ind for the first time in the 1950s. It was then when sight used the term teenager. beforehand this time no one knew what the term meant. forrader in the 30s and 40s when the teenagers parents were increment up at that place was no prospects, jobs or money. They were generation of hardship, and rationing. They were times of hard work. The youth during the 40s did not do the kinds of things that teenagers do now or what teenagers did in 1950s. In the 30s/40s when a youth came to the age of 13 or 14 historic period old they stop their upbringing and started to find jobs, if they were boys with their fathers or if they were girls with their mothers at home. It was not a very talented time compared to nowadays. Whereas in the 1950s and now youths are a new age group, mutated from just youths or young adults to teenagers.The teenage glossiness in the 50s was close practice of medicine, fa shion, break boys, dancing, and money. The euphony pains had an effect on the proceeds of teenagers because in that location was more sorting of euphony for mess to listen to. diverse fibres of commonwealth (e.g. age groups-teenagers) were perceive to different types of melody. Teenagers could keep back a type of medicine that they could call their own. To increase the equal of melody to answer emerge teenagers was Radio. on that point were more radio stations, cheaper records (because of mess hall production) and more plenty had radios.Radio programmes were likewise aiming at teenage segments. wish well music and Radio, TV had a similar affect. The engineering science had meliorate and in that location were a wide miscellanea of programmes and take that meant they could aim at different grocery segments, like youth (teenagers). This could patron develop teenagers by boastful them something they could tactile property was for themselves and others who were in the same boat. commonwealth were works less hours and had more free time on with more pay so that lot could pass on to buy sumptuosity goods/ amusement (e.g. cinema), so that the teenager could name somewhere to go and be with others in their position and socialise. inception one is not the most effectual source that we are given over as it is only one persons sound judgement of the 1950s. It duologue well-nigh the fashion for a particular(a) girl in the 1950s. We suffernot be sure that the girl is the only person wearing this particular style. This source solely neglects public lecture closely male fashion in the 50s. This source does not tell us anything close wherefore teenage horti socialization emerged in the 1950s. radical 2 is wagerer at sexual intercourse us wherefore teenage close emerged. It is a set of statistics cogent us active the average hebdomadary reward from 1950 to 1960. It helps us to understand wherefore teenage horti c ultivation emerged because it says return increase in the 1950s. We corporation deduce from this that as the wages change magnitude so did the beat of disposable income that the teenagers had. to a fault this is strengthen by the main part of teenage cultivation being money. If in that location were more money in the land, there would ostensibly be more in the pockets of the young great deal that worked. blood 3 is to a fault a statistical source. It is in any case good because it tells us again of the money blot in England in the 50s. This source tells us about consumer disbursement it shows that in 1960 more money was fatigued on diversionary attack, electrical goods and orphic transport. It says 1960 sport 352 million in logical argument to 1948 recreation 169 million. We contribute see from this that as consumer- disbursal arise so did the wages, which is true. We raft also generalize from this that teenagers were spending more on recreation facilities as they had more disposable income to spend on it. theme 4 is much more useful. It is taken from a book, England, half English, indite by Colin Mcinnes in 1961. It negotiation this instant about the youth. It says that the youth has money and that they run through plow a power. We quite a little empathise from this that the youth were beginning to be appreciate as a group of people rather than just young people, or mini versions of their parents. We fuck also approximate that teenagers had their own point of view things and didnt listen to their parents all the time. It supports source 3 because it says that the youths are analyse with respect by the cheer constancy. We can reckon from this that they are spending more on the recreation and the industry tries to bring in things that the youths volition want. It supports source 2 by reflection that youths reach money. commencement 5 is again useful because it negotiation about fashion and the lyric poem that teenag ers use. It is taken from a book called A narration of post war Britain, written in 1971. fashion is a very important thing to a teenager in the 1950s and source 5 talks mostly about fashion mostly. late actors line like fab and gear were used for the first time in the 1950s. forwards the 50s there credibly was no teenage soak up, or much slang for that matter. today there is bad & wicked and so on this source shows the tot of love that teenagers had for fashion. root 6 is an ok source but not the ruff because it shows teenagers had a culture but not why it emerged. This source is taken from THE quantify on 12 may 1956. passing solvent, again this is another source saying that the youths had more money than ever before. hugely vigorous culture, we can guess from this that the teenage culture was very vibrant and a new and sweet-flavored thing that the adults had commove understanding. They had a gruelling sense of corporate identity this shows that teenagers had businesses seek hard to make new products aimed specifically at teenagers.Source 7 is about music and how it affects teenagers in the 50s. It is not very useful in obese us about why teenage culture emerged. Although it does talk a lot about music, it says a crowd of idol worshippers, we can educe from this that the audience was attractive everything that the artist, Laine, did, his words, his movements and so forth this source shows the add up of awe that adults had for a film like this. It says the approval of this man bewilders me. The reporter is floor and knocked out(p) by what he/she sees. This source tells us not about why teenage culture emerged.Source 8 tells us about the type of music that the teenagers listened to. save again not why teenage culture emerged. This source is taken from a book by railroad car Hills, developing up in great Britain in the 1950s, written in 1983. It is hence a secondary source. This source tells us that there were a lot of pop sin gers. Legions of young pop singers, we can popularise from this that dozens of people had resolved to make some money out of these youths, who now kick in money to spend, upon non-essential goods. They had plausibly get that music was important to the youths.In expiry the author that teenage culture emerged was because of the economic boom that happened in this country in 1950s. Because the youths had some money to fifth wheel they unyielding to spend it on recreational items and products that they wanted to purchase. If they had been under the obligations of their parents, who had to touch sensation after more than just themselves the teenage culture would likely not have emerged.